6.1 & D.2 Part 2

Which of the following best describes an exocrine gland?

• A gland that releases hormones directly into the circulatory system

• A gland that releases enzymes directly into the circulatory system

• A gland that releases a substance onto an epithelial surface

• A gland that releases lipids into a blood vessel

Look at the image to refresh your memory on exocrine gland cells. Exocrine gland cells are arranged into a cluster known as a acinus. For this unit, these glands cells specialize in secreting substances into the digestive system via a duct. What is the plural form of acinus?

Gland cells are specialized in that they have a higher number of the organelles they need to carry out the process of making products and secreting them into ducts. Label the organelles show in the image:

• Mitochondrion

• Purple

• Golgi Apparatus

• Dark Green

• Rough ER

• Orange

• Secretory Vesicle

• Red

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which enzyme do the salivary glands secrete?

• Protease

• Amylase

• Nuclease

• Lipase

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What is the function of amylase?

• It breaks starches into disaccharides

• It breaks polysaccharides into monosaccharides

• It breaks carbohydrates into glucose

• It breaks proteins into amino acids

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

The stomach contains chief cells that release enzymes that specializes in the breakdown of which biomolecule?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Chief cells release proteases (enzymes that breakdown proteins) in their inactive form. For example chief cells release pepsinogen (inactive) which will later be converted into pepsin (active). What is the purpose of this?

• Chief cells are made out of protein and therefore would be broken down by pepsin

• Chief cells are unable to produce pepsin because they lack the enzyme trypsin. This enzyme can be found in stomach acid.

• Pepsinogen only turn into pepsin once food is ingested.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Gastric pits (glands) within the stomach release stomach acid. What is another name for stomach acid?

• acetic acid

• lactic acid

• hydrochloric acid

• aspartic acid

What is the numerical pH of the stomach?

Stomach acid has numerous functions. Select all that are functions of hydrochloric acid:

• Activation of proteases

• Kills pathogens

• Digests food into chyme

• Turns fat globules into smaller droplets