Properties of the solar system

 

Temperature conditions on different planets differ greatly. The chart below shows the average daytime and nighttime temperatures on three planets in the Solar System.

Which of the following describes the main reason that the three planets show very different temperature patterns?

• The planets orbit at different distances from the Sun.

• The planets have different kinds of atmospheres.

• The planets are formed from different materials.

• The planets have different gravities.

1. Stars are classified by properties such as temperature, color, size, absolute brightness, and apparent magnitude. Scientists have been able to identify that some of these factors are directly related. Which of the following factors is most directly related to the temperature of a star?

• size

• color

• life cycle stage

• apparent magnitude

A student learns that the sun is classified as a medium-size star and that many stars are much bigger and brighter. However, the student observes that other stars look very dim, even though a telescope. Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun? a. b. c. . d.

• The sun appears yellow, which is more visible than other colors.

• The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are.

• Other stars are made up of different gases than the sun is

• Other stars reflect light as they travel through space.

Why do planets closer to the Sun, like Mercury and Venus, not have significant atmospheres?

• Their gravitational force is too weak to retain gases.

• They are too hot for gases to condense.

• Solar winds strip away their atmospheric gases.

• They were formed from different materials than the outer planets.

A new planet is discovered in a different solar system. The new planet is much like Earth. One difference is that the planet does not have neap or spring tides. What does the planet lack that Earth has?

• a star

• geosphere

• moon

• rotational period

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

When you jump into the air, the force of Earth’s gravity pulls you back down no matter how high, or where on Earth you jump. Which statement explains where and how Earth’s gravity pulls on objects? A. B. C. D.

• Earth’s gravity acts from Earth’s center and stops at Earth’s surface.

• Earth’s gravity tries to pull every object from one side of the planet to the other.

• Earth’s gravity acts from the surface of Earth to pull everything in the air down.

• Earth’s center of gravity is the center of Earth, and gravity pulls downward toward that center from all sides of the planet.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Abed measures the weight of four unknown samples that have the same volume. Which statement describes the masses of the samples?

• Sample 2 has the greatest density.

• Samples 1 and 4 have the same density.

• All the samples have the same density.

• The densities of these samples cannot be determined.

Answer explanation

A. Sample 2 has the greatest density. Incorrect, sample 2 would have the lowest density (D=m/V), as mass increases the density increases as well B. Samples 1 and 4 have the same density. Correct, if both samples 1 and 2 have the same mass and volume, they will have equal densities. C. All the samples have the same density. Incorrect, the mass and the volume of each sample would need to be equivalent for this statement to be true. D. The densities of these samples cannot be determined. Incorrect, density can be determined if mass and volume is known.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Gina's science teacher tells her that mass and weight are related but have an important difference due to gravity. Gina's teacher says that Jupiter has a much greater gravitational force than Earth, while the Moon has a much smaller force. How would Gina's weight and mass change on these surfaces?

• Gina’s weight would stay the same, while her mass increased or decreased

• Gina’s weight and mass would increase or decrease

• Gina’s weight would increase or decrease, while her mass remains the same.

• Gina’s weight and mass would stay the same

Answer explanation

C. Gina’s weight would increase or decrease, while her mass remains the same. Correct, weight is dependent on gravity and mass is not

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The diagram shows Earth in its yearly orbit around the Sun. During the year, places in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience seasons because of the tilt of Earth’s axis.

 

 Which statement correctly identifies the seasons in the Northern and Southern hemispheres when the Earth is at Position D?

• It is summer in the Northern and Southern hemispheres because the Earth tilts as it rotates around its axis.     

•  It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere because the Earth is tilted on its axis.  

• It is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and Fall in the Southern Hemisphere because Earth is farther from the Sun than it is at points A and C.

•   

  It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere because the northern part of Earth, titled toward the Sun, gets more of the Sun’s energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

.  The moon viewed from Earth is mainly visible as a bright circle or part of a circle in the night sky. It can sometimes appear as a faint object during the day. Which statement BEST explains why the Moon as seen from Earth is a bright object?

 

 

• The Moon is able to give off its own light.

• The Moon is bright because it reflects light from Earth.

• The Moon is bright because it reflects light from the Sun.

• The Moon is bright because most Moon rocks are light colored.