Milestone

What does validity in an experiment refer to?

• The precision of the measurements

• The accuracy of the measurements

• The investigation accurately reflects what it aims to investigate

• The repeatability of the experiment

Which of the following best describes accuracy?

• The closeness of measurements to each other

• The closeness of the average measurement to the true value

• The ability to repeat an experiment under the same conditions

• The ability to reproduce results under different conditions

Precision is best described as:

• The ability to obtain the true value in a measurement

• The variability of measurements taken by different observers

• The closeness of repeated measurements to each other

• The consistency of results across different experiments

What is meant by repeatability?

• Obtaining consistent results across different methodologies

• Achieving the same results using the same method under different conditions

• The variation when different observers measure the same quantity

• Obtaining consistent results using the same method under the same conditions

Reproducibility refers to:

• Results being consistent when measured by the same person

• Results being consistent across different observers or conditions

• The accuracy of the experimental results

• he precision of individual measurements

To improve the validity of an experiment, you should:

• Increase the number of measurements

• Use a more precise instrument

• Control all variables except the one being tested

• Change the conditions of the experiment

Systematic errors can be minimized by:

• Repeating the experiment many times

• Using different methods to measure the same quantity

• Calibrating measuring instruments

• Changing the observer

Random errors are best reduced by:

• Taking multiple measurements and calculating the mean

• Using more precise equipment

• Calibrating measuring instruments

• Changing the observer

The main difference between repeatability and reproducibility is that reproducibility:

• Requires the same observer

• Does not require calibration of instruments

• Involves different conditions or observers

• Is focused on accuracy rather than precision

To assess the precision of a set of measurements, one should:

• Compare the measurements to the true value

• Ensure the measurements are taken under varying conditions

• Look at how close the measurements are to each other

• Calculate the mean of the measurements