DMAT1012. 2. Atomic Structure and Bonding in Solids

What is the atomic structure of elements?

• Elements are made up of only protons

• Elements have a single electron in the nucleus

• Elements consist of protons and electrons only

• Elements have an atomic structure consisting of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in energy levels.

Explain the types of chemical bonding.

• Hydrogen bonding

• Dipole-dipole bonding

• Ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and metallic bonding

• Van der Waals forces

What are the differences between ionic and covalent bonding?

• Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons.

• Ionic bonding involves the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonding involves the transfer of electrons.

• Ionic bonding involves the transfer of protons, while covalent bonding involves the transfer of electrons.

• Ionic bonding involves the sharing of protons, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of neutrons.

Discuss the properties of metallic bonding.

• Low electrical conductivity

• Brittleness

• Properties of metallic bonding include high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and luster.

• Transparency

How do atoms arrange themselves in a solid structure?

• Random arrangement

• Circular pattern

• Crystal lattice

• Linear structure

What is the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

• Valence electrons have no impact on chemical bonding

• Valence electrons play a crucial role in forming chemical bonds by interacting with the valence electrons of other atoms.

• Valence electrons repel each other, preventing bonding

• Valence electrons are only involved in ionic bonding

Describe the concept of electron sharing in covalent bonding.

• Electron sharing in covalent bonding leads to the formation of charged ions

• Electron sharing in covalent bonding is only observed in ionic compounds

• Electron sharing in covalent bonding refers to the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve stability by completing their outer electron shells.

• Electron sharing in covalent bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms

What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?

• High melting and boiling points, insulators, amorphous structure

• Low melting and boiling points, insulators, amorphous structure

• High melting and boiling points, conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted, crystalline structure

• Moderate melting and boiling points, conduct electricity in all states, metallic structure

How do metallic bonds differ from ionic and covalent bonds?

• Metallic bonds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

• Metallic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

• Metallic bonds involve the sharing of electrons among a sea of delocalized electrons.

• Metallic bonds are always stronger than ionic and covalent bonds.

Explain the concept of lattice energy in ionic bonding.

• Lattice energy is the energy absorbed when gaseous ions come together to form a solid ionic compound.

• Lattice energy is the energy released when gaseous ions come together to form a solid ionic compound.

• Lattice energy is the energy released when covalent bonds are broken.

• Lattice energy is the energy released when metallic bonds are formed.