anatomy 6

Which type of muscle tone is increased in Upper Motor Neuron lesions?

• Hypertonia

• Hypotonia

• Atrophy

• Flaccidity

What is the outcome of a lesion to the Upper Motor Neuron?

• Atrophy

• Atrophy and Flaccidity

• Hypertonia and Hyperreflexia

• Hypotonia and Hyporeflexia

What is the significance of the Babinski sign in Upper Motor Neuron lesions?

• Big toe dorsiflexed instead of flexed

• Normal response to stimulation

• Absence of toe movement

• Big toe flexed instead of dorsiflexed

What is the difference between Decorticate and Decerebrate rigidity?

• Presence of reflexes

• Type of muscle affected

• Level of the lesion

What is the importance of loss of muscle-joint sense in upper limbs?

• Impaired fine motor skills

• Difficulty in walking

• Decreased grip strength

• Loss of coordination

What is the effect of a lesion in the anterior spinal artery?

• Central Cord Syndrome

• Brown-Séquard Syndrome

• Decorticate posture

• Decerebrate posture

What is the function of the Artery of Adamkiewicz?

• Reinforce arterial supply to lower portion of spinal cord

• Supply blood to upper extremities

• Activate muscle spindles

• Drain venous blood from spinal cord

What is the result of a compromise in the blood flow of the posterior spinal artery?

• Ipsilateral reduction or loss of sensations below the level of the lesion

• Bilateral weakness in upper limbs

• Loss of nociceptive and thermal sensations

• Bladder dysfunction

Where does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

• Foramen magnum in the occipital bone

• Carotid canal in the petrous part of temporal bone

• Foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone

What is the role of the Segmental medullary artery?

• Activate gamma motor neurons

• Drain venous blood from the spinal cord

• Supply blood to the upper extremities

• Anastomose with anterior spinal artery