Biodiversity & Ecology

This picture shows:

• primary succession
• secondary succession

This picture shows:

• primary succession
• secondary succession

Order the following changes in succession of an ecosystem from beginning to end. A Thin soil accumulates and seedlings emerge from the soil. B Lichen and moss grow on the rock surfaces and start dissolving rocks. C A landslide builds up a new land surface at the base of a mountain. D. A mature community of meadow plant and animal populations becomes established.

• A,B,C,D
• C, B,A,D
• B,A,D,C
• D,C,B,A

Jason lives near a state park and he likes hiking through the grassy trails that lead to a nearby lake. He appreciates nature and the surrounding components making up the ecosystem. Water, fuel, food and raw materials are examples of what.

• natural resources
• cultural resources
• regulating services
• cycling of matter and enegy

Sometimes when a bee pollinates a flower, this action is beneficial to humans. Bees are the main pollinators of many plants that humans eat, such as blueberries, potatoes, apples, celery and strawberries. What are the benefits that humans receive from the ecosystem called?

• ecological restoration
• sustainability
• ecosystem services
• ecology

Wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. This keystone species restored the park's ecosystem. What is the ecological value of a keystone species?

• They influence the surival of many other species in an ecosystem.
• They prevent the ecosystem from changing and growing.
• They protect land and water resources within the ecosystem.
• They decrease the number of unwanted species in an ecosystem.

Two students observe the changes to the island community during and after a storm. Lisa classifies the changes as primary succession, whereas Kadie classifies them as secondary succession. Which argument is supported by the evidence?

• Lisa is correct because lichen and moss were the first organisms to return to the island.
• Kadie is correct because the lichen and moss were disturbed, but remained on the island.
• Both students are correct because the changes were caused by a natural even rather than by human activity.
• Neither student is correct because the changes were caused by human activity rather than by a natural event.

In Hawaii new land forms when larva erupts from Kilauea volcano and hardens. the new land is without any living things. The first organisms to populate the surface of that new land are known as __________ species. With time, a series of changes called ________ succession occur, through which the new land becomes colonized by a variety of organisms.

• primary, pioneer
• secondary, pioneer
• pioneer, primary
• pioneer, secondary

In a garden ecosystem, a bee has a relationship with a flowering plant. The relationship is an example of mutualism. How are the bee and the plant affected in the relationship?

• The bee and the plant both benefit.
• The bee and the plant are both harmed.
• The bee is harmed and the plant benefits.
• The bee benefits and the plant is harmed.

Spanish moss grows on the branches of Oak trees. The moss benefits from being up high. The tree is neither helped or harmed. What type of relationship is this?

• parasitism
• mutualism
• competition
• commensalism