Patho 4

What is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

• Regulates body temperature

• Promotes cell division in neurons

• Causes inflammation in the nerves

• Allows rapid propagation of signals

Which cells are responsible for forming myelin in the CNS?

• Oligodendrocytes

• Astrocytes

• Microglia

• Ependymal cells

What is the main pattern of myelin injury in the PNS?

• Inflammation of Schwann cells

• Axonal degeneration

• Myelin hyperplasia

• Segmental demyelination

Which disease is characterized by acute symmetric neuromuscular paralysis?

• Guillian Barre syndrome

• Diabetic neuropathy

• Multiple sclerosis

• CIDP

What is the most common complication of diabetes in relation to the nervous system?

• Multiple sclerosis

• Guillian Barre syndrome

• CIDP

• Diabetic neuropathy

How does diabetic neuropathy affect the nerves in the body?

• By promoting nerve regeneration

• By damaging small blood vessels supplying the nerves

• By increasing the production of myelin

• By reducing the number of Schwann cells

What is the primary cause of demyelinating neuropathies in the PNS?

• Hereditary causes or immune destruction of myelin

• Viral infections

• Bacterial infections

• Chemical exposure

Which neuropathy is associated with changes in bowel, bladder, or cardiac function?

• Autonomic neuropathy

• Sensory neuropathy

• Motor neuropathy

• Mixed neuropathy

What is the main effect of the polyol pathway in diabetic neuropathy?

• Improved blood supply to nerves

• Reduced oxidative stress in nerves

• Enhanced nerve regeneration

• Increased sorbitol and decreased NADPH leading to nerve damage

Which disease process can cause axonal neuropathy?

• Vascular diseases

• Autoimmune diseases

• Nutritional deficiencies

• All of the above