BIOCHEM LEC

Increased knowledge about how DNA molecules function under various chemical conditions has opened the door to the field of technology called

• Nanotechnology

• Genetic engineering/Biotechnology

• Genomics

• Robotics

Techniques now exist whereby a “_____” gene can be added to an organism, and the organism will produce the protein associated with the added gene.

• modified
• hybrid
• foreign

• genetic

For many years, because of the very limited availability of human insulin, the insulin used by diabetics was obtained from what?

• Liver of cows and pigs
• Pancreas of chickens and ducks
• Kidneys of sheep and goats
• Pancreas of slaughterhouse

Today, diabetics can also choose to use “real” human insulin produced by?

• naturally occurring plants
• synthetic chemicals
• genetically modified bacteria or yeast
• animal sources

Such “___________” bacteria are grown in large numbers, and the insulin they produce is harvested in a manner similar to the way some antibiotics are obtained from cultured microorganisms

• mutant
• genetically modified
• genetically engineered

• hybrid

Another substance that is now produced by genetically altered bacteria is

• Penicillin
• Vitamin C
• Human growth hormone

• Aspirin

Genetic engineering procedures involve a type of DNA called

• hybrid DNA
• mutant DNA
• recombinant DNA
• altered DNA

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is

• A form of DNA created by mixing RNA sequences
• A type of DNA found only in plants
• A form of DNA that is resistant to mutations
• DNA that contains genetic material from two different organisms

E. coli cells of a specific strain are placed in a solution that dissolves cell membranes, thus releasing the contents of the cells.

• Cell membrane dissolution.

• Cell contents are released due to the expansion of cell membranes.
• Cell contents are released due to the fusion of cell membranes.
• Cell contents are released due to the hardening of cell membranes.

The released cell components are separated into fractions, one fraction being the plasmids. The isolated plasmid fraction is the material used in further steps.

• Isolated DNA fraction
• Cellular debris
• Nuclear fraction
• Isolation of plasmid fraction