TCAP 2023: Excerpt from Forces and Motion at Work

Which action is described by the word exert as it is used in paragraph 2?

• A. make an effort

• B. set into motion

• C. have control of

• D. change the purpose of

Which sentence best states the relationship between atoms and forces as described in paragraph 5?

• A. Atoms are connected by forces.

• B. Atoms work with forces to create objects.

• C. Atoms are drawn to the planet by the force of gravity.

• D. Atoms create forces that can be felt from far away.

Based on Passage 1, how does the author connect the actions of turning pages in a book, taking steps, and breathing?

• A. by using these actions to demonstrate that energy is different than force

• B. by explaining that these actions show that forces act invisibly

• C. by providing these actions as everyday examples of using forces that push or pull

• D. by showing how these actions prove that common forces work differently on people and objects

The following item has two parts. Answer Part A and then answer Part B.

Part A Which sentence states the central idea developed in paragraphs 11–14?

• A. Weight changes when the force of gravity changes.

• B. Mass controls the amount of gravity an object has.

• C. The gravity on the Moon is less than it is on Earth.

• D. Gravity is the force that determines mass on Earth.

The following item has two parts. Answer Part A and then answer Part B.

Part B Which sentence best supports the correct answer to Part A?

• A. “Newton said all objects have mass.” (paragraph 11)

• B. “Mass is different from weight.” (paragraph 12)

• C. “On Earth, a person has a set amount of mass.” (paragraph 13)

• D. “With more mass, a body has a stronger pull.” (paragraph 14)

Read this sentence from paragraph 5.

The force of gravity acts right across the universe, shaping and holding together groups of planets, stars, and galaxies.

Which idea from Passage 2 helps readers to understand this sentence?

• A. the discussion that compares Galileo’s and Newton’s studies of motion (paragraphs 8 and 9)

• B. the definition of weight as “force of attraction between a person and place in the universe” (paragraph 12)

• C. the explanation of how gravitational pull depends on mass and distance (paragraphs 14–16)

• D. the statement that the Moon would “go off in a straight line without Earth’s gravity.” (paragraph 17)

The following item has two parts. Answer Part A and then answer Part B.

Part A What information about forces in Passage 1 does the reader learn more about in Passage 2?

• A. how gravity operates in outer space

• B. how energy is transferred from one form to another

• C. how things can be moved without being touched

• D. how some of the effects of gravity can be seen

The following item has two parts. Answer Part A and then answer Part B.

Part B Select a statement from each passage that best supports the correct answer to Part A.

• A. “Forces make things move. . . .” (Passage 1, paragraph 1)

• B. “Other forces, like magnetism and gravity, can act at a distance. . . .” (Passage 1, paragraph 2)

• C. “The force of gravity acts right across the universe. . . .” (Passage 1, paragraph 5)

• D. “He defined this force as gravity. . . .” (Passage 2, paragraph 10)

• E. “Planets with large masses have a strong gravitational pull.” (Passage 2, paragraph 15)