What does the two-process model fail to account for in the case of phobias?

• The behavioral aspects of phobias.

• The cognitive aspects of phobias.

• The real-world application of phobias.

• The systematic desensitization of phobias.

What does the two-process model explain in the context of phobias?

• It explains both avoidance behavior and phobic cognitions adequately.

• It explains avoidance behavior but not phobic cognitions.

• It explains phobic cognitions but not avoidance behavior.

• It does not explain either avoidance behavior or phobic cognitions.

According to the study by De Jongh et al. (2006), what percentage of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience mostly involving dentistry?

• 73%

• 21%

• 50%

• 100%

According to the study by De Jongh et al. (2006), what percentage of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic dental experience?

• 73%

• 21%

• 50%

• 30%

What concept suggests that we tend to acquire phobias of things that have presented a danger in our evolutionary past, such as snakes and the dark?

• Two-process model

• Behavioural theories

• Preparedness

• Evolutionary theory

Who proposed the two-process model based on the behavioural approach to phobias?

• John Watson and Rosalie Rayner

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• Orval Hobart Mowrer

What does the two-process model suggest is the initial cause for the acquisition of phobias?

• Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

In the study by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner, what was the neutral stimulus (NS) presented to Little Albert?

• A white rat

• A loud noise

• A non-white rabbit

• Watson wearing a Santa Claus beard

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the Little Albert experiment?

• A white rat

• A loud noise

• A non-white rabbit

• Watson wearing a Santa Claus beard

What is a consequence of negative reinforcement?

• It decreases the frequency of a behavior.

• It increases the frequency of a behavior.

• It has no effect on the frequency of a behavior.

• It punishes the behavior.