EOY Quiz Review 1

Choose the words that correctly complete the paragraph.

Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study objects in the night sky. He observed that Venus goes through phases similar to the moon. Galileo used this evidence to support the _______________ model of the solar system.

• Heliocentric

• Geocentric

• Circular

• Elliptical

Venus' phases could not occur if Venus and the sun traveled around the Earth. Over time, several lines of evidence led scientists to abandon the _______________  model of the solar system.

• Circular

• Heliocentric

• Geocentric

• Elliptical

On August 21, 2017, the United States experienced the first coast-to-coast solar eclipse since 1918. How were the sun, the moon, and Earth arranged during this eclipse?

• The sun was between Earth and the moon.

• Earth was between the sun and the moon.

• The moon was between Earth and the sun.

•     The sun, Earth, and the moon formed a right angle.

Scott moved from Florida to Michigan in January, and he thinks it’s freezing! Why is it so much colder in Michigan than it is in Florida during the winter?

• Earth’s surface receives more sunlight in northern areas during the winter.

• Earth’s spin causes Michigan to receive less sunlight than Florida during the winter.

• Earth’s tilt away from the sun during the winter causes Michigan to receive less direct sunlight than Florida.

• Earth’s tilt toward the sun during the winter causes Michigan to receive more direct sunlight than Florida.

The sun is a star passing through the same stages as other, similar stars. Which pattern correctly describes the life cycle of a star?

• nebula → protostar → high-mass star → supergiant → supernova → neutron star

• protostar → nebula → high-mass star → supergiant → neutron star → supernova

• nebula → protostar → high-mass star → red giant→ planetary nebula → white dwarf

• nebula → protostar → low-mass star → supergiant → supernova → white dwarf

Several students saw a streak of light suddenly shoot across part of a dark sky and then disappear. Maria said that it was a meteor, but John disagreed and said that it was a comet. Hassan decided it was an asteroid, and Sheri stated that it was a meteorite. Who was correct?

• Maria

• Jogn

• Hassan

• Sheri

Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell each discovered the same pattern in the characteristics of stars. As a star’s temperature increases, it becomes brighter and its color shifts from red to yellow to blue-white. The table shows the relationship between surface temperature and color.

Consider the color of the sun. Based on this color, what is the sun's approximate surface temperature?

                   

• 10,000 – 30,000 K

• 6,000 – 7,500 K

• 30,000 – 60,000 K

• <3,500 K

This table includes the mass of several objects in the solar system, as well as how far each object is from Earth.    What is the best reason distances in space are measured using astronomical units (AU), instead of kilometers or miles?

• An AU equals the distance from the sun to the next-closest star.

• One AU represents a large distance, so the numbers that represent the vast distances between space objects are smaller and easier to compare.

• Miles are used only in the United States, so the measurements are not the same in any other country.

• Kilometers are used only in certain countries, so the measurements are not the same from country to country.

This table includes the mass of several objects in the solar system, as well as how far each object is from Earth.    Neewa noticed the difference in water level between high tide and low tide while visiting the beach. What information in the table best explains the tides?

• Mars is closest to Earth, so it affects tides more than other space objects.

• The moon is the only object that affects tides at all because it is so close to Earth.

• The moon has a greater effect on tides because it is so much closer to Earth.

• The sun affects tides more than any other object because it is massive and closer to Earth than Jupiter.

   

Saheed chews his food to break it down into smaller pieces. The saliva released by glands in his mouth breaks the carbohydrates he ate down into simpler substances. What changes does the food undergo in Saheed’s mouth?

• Food undergoes a physical change when it is chewed and a chemical change when saliva breaks it down into simpler substances.

• Food undergoes a chemical change when it is chewed and a physical change when saliva breaks it down into simpler substances.

• Food undergoes a physical change when it is chewed and another physical change when saliva breaks it down into simpler substances.

• Food undergoes a chemical change when it is chewed and another chemical change when saliva breaks it down into simpler substances.