ES Chapter 7 Section 9: Checking Up

How long do species last?

• Species have a predetermined lifespan
• Species can last for varying lengths of time depending on factors such as environmental changes, competition, and genetic mutations.
• Species last forever without any changes
• Species always last for the same amount of time

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What happens to animal species when the food sources of the animals change?

• Animal species experience no changes in population or migration

• Animal species evolve instantly
• Animal species become plants
• Animal species may experience population changes, migration, competition, and potential extinction.

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How can you document that as different groups of organisms evolved, they developed similar structures, allowing them to occupy a position in the ecological hierarchy?

• Comparative anatomy studies and observation of homologous structures across different species.
• Observing the color of the organisms
• Studying the geographical distribution of species
• Analyzing the behavior of different groups

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What is the difference between background extinction and mass extinction?

• Background extinction is rapid and widespread, while mass extinction is continuous and under 90% of known plants and animals are lost.

• Background extinction is caused by human activities, while mass extinction is a natural process.
• Background extinction refers to the appearance and disappearance of a few species at any time. Mass extinction refers to a significant change in Earth’s biodiversity, when up to 90% of known plants and animals are lost.

• Background extinction affects under 90% of a few species, while mass extinction affects all species equally.

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What kinds of evidence can be used to document a major meteorite or asteroid impact in the geologic past?

Select ALL that apply.

• Ancient tree rings
• Volcanic eruptions
• remnants of impact structures

• geochemical evidence in the form of iridium

• evidence for gigantic sea waves or sedimentary structures

Match the following:

• phytoplankton:

• small photosynthetic organisms, mostly algae and bacteria, found inhabiting aquatic ecosystems.

• background extinction:

• the diversity of different biologic species and/or the genetic variability among individuals within each species

• biodiversity:

• normal extinction of species that occurs as a result of changes in local environmental conditions.

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