Statistics Quiz

What does the phrase "correlation does not imply causation" mean in statistics?

• Correlation between two variables means one variable causes the other to occur.

• Correlation between two variables does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other to occur.

• Correlation is not a concept used in statistics.

• Correlation and causation are the same thing.

According to the example provided, what is found to be highly correlated in the United States each year?

• Monthly ice cream sales and monthly shark attacks

• Monthly ice cream sales and annual snowfall

• Monthly shark attacks and daily temperature

• Annual shark attacks and monthly ice cream production

What is the likely explanation for the correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks according to the text?

• Consuming ice cream causes shark attacks.

• Shark attacks cause an increase in ice cream sales.

• More people consume ice cream and get in the ocean when it's warmer, leading to more shark attacks.

• There is no correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks.

According to the graph, during which months do ice cream sales and shark attacks peak?

• January and February

• June and July

• September and October

• November and December

What is the relationship between ice cream sales and shark attacks according to the text?

• Ice cream sales cause shark attacks.

• Shark attacks cause ice cream sales.

• Ice cream sales and shark attacks are highly correlated but one does not cause the other.

• There is no correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks.

According to the text, if data for the total number of Master's degrees issued by universities each year and the total box office revenue generated by year were collected, what would be found?

• The two variables would have no correlation.

• The number of Master's degrees would cause an increase in box office revenue.

• The box office revenue would cause an increase in the number of Master's degrees.

• The two variables would be highly correlated.

What is the more likely explanation for the increase in both Master's degrees and box office revenue each year?

• Issuing more Master's degrees is causing the box office revenue to increase.

• The global population increase is causing more Master's degrees to be issued and more people attending movies.

• The quality of movies is improving, leading to higher box office revenue and more Master's degrees.

• There is no clear explanation for the increase in both Master's degrees and box office revenue.

What does the correlation between the total number of pool drownings each year and the total amount of energy produced by nuclear power plants each year suggest?

• Pool drownings cause an increase in nuclear energy production.

• Nuclear energy production causes an increase in pool drownings.

• The two variables are highly correlated but do not cause each other.

• There is no correlation between pool drownings and nuclear energy production.

According to the graph titled "Drownings vs. Nuclear Energy Production," which color represents the total number of pool drownings each year?

• Blue

• Red

• Green

• Yellow

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true?

• Correlation between two variables always implies causation.

• Correlation between two variables never implies causation.

• Even if two variables are correlated, it does not mean one causes the other.

• If two variables are not correlated, they can still cause each other.