DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations Review

What is the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself?

• Protein synthesis

• RNA replication

• DNA replication

• Cell division

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• G1 phase

• M phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA helicase

• DNA polymerase

• Ligase

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

• rRNA

• dRNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

• Transcription

• Replication

• Translation

• Mitosis

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information?

• Genetic drift

• Variation

• Mutation

• Chromosomal rearrangement

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

• The main difference is that a point mutation involves a single nucleotide change, whereas a frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides.

• Frameshift mutation occurs in somatic cells, whereas point mutation occurs in germ cells.

• Point mutation involves the deletion of nucleotides, while frameshift mutation involves the substitution of nucleotides.

• Point mutation always results in a frameshift mutation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is used to build proteins?

• DNA replication

• Genetic transcription

• Protein synthesis

• Cell division

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome and pairs them with the complementary codon on the mRNA during translation.

• tRNA is responsible for protein folding during translation

• tRNA acts as a catalyst in translation process

• tRNA helps in DNA replication instead of translation

How many nucleotides make up a codon in the genetic code?

• Ten

• Three

• Five

• One