Standard 1 & 2 Test Review

How do organs differ from organelles?

• Organs function to carry out only simple life processes in all cells.

• Organs function to carry out only complex life processes in all cells.

• Organs are only found in simple, unicellular organisms, and organelles carry out all life processes for multicellular organisms.

• Organs are only found in complex, multicellular organisms, and organelles carry out all life processes for unicellular organisms.

The diagram shows the movement of protons across a membrane using a proton pump. Which statement most accurately describes what is occurring in the diagram?

• The protons are moving with the concentration gradient by active transport.

• The protons are moving against the concentration gradient by active transport.

• The protons are moving with the concentration gradient by diffusion.

• The protons are moving against the concentration gradient by diffusion.

Which statement defines the structure and function of the mitochondria?

• They are membrane-less organelles that help in cell reproduction.

• They are membrane-bound organelles that help eliminate wastes from the cell.

• They are double membrane-bound organelles that help oxidize food to release energy.

• They are membrane-bound organelles that help in the absorption of external materials by the cell.

Examine the diagram. Which organic molecule is shown?

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• nucleic acid

• protein

The image shows a cell. Which structure best distinguishes this cell as being eukaryotic?

• J

• K

• L

• M

Cells are regulated by certain processes within the cell cycle. Cancer occurs when these processes breakdown. All cells have regulators that when working properly will keep the cell from dividing if the conditions are not right within the cell. In most cases, these conditions are caused by mutations within the genes of the cell. If cell regulators are able to perform their job correctly, what would happen if a mutation is spotted during the cell cycle?

• The cell will continue to grow and divide until the mutation wears down the cell regulators.

• The cell will cease to grow and divide because the cell regulators will be worn down.

• The cell will continue the cell cycle process normally.

• The cell will perform apoptosis.

The table shows four different cells and a characteristic feature of each cell.

Based on the table, which cell is the least complex, and why?

• Paramecium; it uses a contractile vacuole to maintain water balance.

• Chlamydomonas; it has a chloroplast that makes food.

• E. coli; it has genetic material that is not located inside a nucleus.

• Sperm cell; it uses a flagellum for locomotion.

A few drops of a liquid are added to the plant cell as shown in the diagram. What is the most likely explanation of what happened next in the cell?

• Water moved out of the cell by active transport.

• Water moved into the cell by osmosis.

• Water moved into the cell by active transport.

• Water moved out of the cell by osmosis.

Budding is a form of reproduction that can be seen in simple animals. The new organism grows attached to the old one and does not separate until it is mature. How would this new organism be described?

• It contains genetic material that is identical to half of the parent.

• It contains genetic material that is different from the parent.

• It contains genetic material that is identical to the parent.

• It contains genetic material that is two times the amount of the parent.

Analyze the graph showing the size of various molecules. Which molecule most likely requires active transport to move across the plasma membrane?

• molecule W

• molecule X

• molecule Y

• molecule Z