STS -PRELIM

What is the primary focus of the philosophy of science?

• Both A and B

• Philosophy of particular sciences

• None of the above

• Study of epistemological issues in science

According to Karl Popper, what is the scientific method primarily based on?

• Induction

• Observation

• Deduction

• Hypotheses

Who developed the hypothetico-deductive method in the philosophy of science?

• John Stuart Mill

• Rudolf Carnap

• Francis Bacon

• Karl Hempel

What is the main criticism of Hempel's covering law model of scientific explanation?

• Unification

• Causality

• Symmetry

• Irrelevance

Which feminist philosopher introduced the view known as contextual empiricism?

• Nancy Cartwright

• Donna Haraway

• Helen Longino

• Sandra Harding

Who proposed the concept of entity realism in the philosophy of science?

• Ian Hacking

• Ernan McMullin

• Arthur Fine

• John Worrall

What is the main challenge to reductionism in the philosophy of science?

• Symmetry

• Unification

• Causality

• Multiple realizability

According to Thomas Kuhn, what characterizes revolutionary science?

• Incommensurability

• Paradigm shift

• Pre-paradigm science

• Normal science

Who developed the concept of scientific realism in the philosophy of science?

• Ernan McMullin

• Ian Hacking

• Larry Laudan

• Nancy Cartwright

What is the main criticism of the logical empiricist view of theory reduction?

• Causality

• Unification

• Symmetry

• Irrelevance