Ch.16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Vocabulary quiz

DNA Replication

• DNA replication is the process by which a single-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two different DNA molecules.
• DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
• DNA replication is the process by which RNA is copied to produce two identical RNA molecules.
• DNA replication is the process by which proteins are copied to produce two identical protein molecules.

Transformation

• a change in phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.

• a change in genotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.

• a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell

• a change in DNA

Bacteriophages

• Protozoa that infect and replicate within bacteria.
• Viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria.
• Fungi that infect and replicate within bacteria.
• Bacteria that infect and replicate within viruses.

Virus

• A virus is a little more than DNA (or sometimes RNA) enclosed by a protective coat, often simply protein.

• A virus is a non-living organism

• A virus can survive outside of a host indefinitely
• A virus is a type of bacteria that infects human

Double-Helix

• A pair of parallel helices with opposite twists
• A single helix with no twists
• A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis.
• A pair of parallel helices with no twists

Antiparallel

• Antiparallel refers to the arrangement of two molecules in a zigzag pattern.
• Antiparallel refers to the arrangement of two molecules in a circular shape.
• Antiparallel refers to the arrangement of two molecules in the same direction.
• Antiparallel refers to the arrangement of two molecules in opposite directions.

semiconservative model

• Each new DNA molecule consists of one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand.
• Each new DNA molecule consists of one newly synthesized strand and one RNA strand.
• Each new DNA molecule consists of one strand from the original molecule and one strand from a different molecule.
• Each new DNA molecule consists of two newly synthesized strands.

Origins of Replication

• Locations where DNA replication ends
• Proteins involved in DNA replication
• Types of mutations caused by replication errors
• Specific sequences in the DNA where the replication process begins

Replication Fork

• a protein used during DNA replication

• a Y-shaped region where DNA replication ends

• a Y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound

• Y-shaped enzymes used to separate DNA

Helicase

• enzymes that break down protein

• enzymes that keep DNA from repairing

• enzymes that untwist the double-helix at the replication forks

• enzymes that bind DNA together