Lipids

What is the main function of fats in the diet?

• Support bone growth

• Help in blood clotting

• Provide energy

• Regulate body temperature

Answer explanation

Fats in the diet primarily provide energy, making them an essential nutrient for the body to function properly.

Which type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature?

• Trans fatty acid

• Saturated fatty acid

• Polyunsaturated fatty acid

• Monounsaturated fatty acid

Answer explanation

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature due to their straight molecular structure. This makes them pack tightly together, resulting in a solid form.

What is the process that converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids?

• Hydrogenation

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

• Esterification

Answer explanation

Hydrogenation is the process that converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids by adding hydrogen atoms to double bonds.

Which type of fatty acid is considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

• Saturated fatty acid

• Monounsaturated fatty acid

• Polyunsaturated fatty acid

• Trans fatty acid

Answer explanation

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered essential as they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

What is the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the body?

• Raise plasma triglyceride levels

• Increase LDL cholesterol

• Lower blood pressure

• Promote blood clotting

Answer explanation

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure in the body, making this the correct role of these fatty acids.

What is the main function of chylomicrons in the body?

• Store glucose

• Transport fatty acids

• Regulate body temperature

• Produce bile

Answer explanation

Chylomicrons transport fatty acids in the body, helping to deliver dietary fats to cells for energy or storage.

Which type of fat is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes?

• Trans fat

• Monounsaturated fat

• Saturated fat

• Polyunsaturated fat

Answer explanation

Polyunsaturated fat is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes due to its beneficial effects on cholesterol levels and inflammation.

What is the recommended daily intake of fats according to the National Academies of Medicine?

• Between 20-35% of daily calories

• Between 10-15% of daily calories

• Less than 5% of daily calories

• More than 50% of daily calories

Answer explanation

The correct answer is between 20-35% of daily calories, as recommended by the National Academies of Medicine.

What is the impact of reducing or replacing saturated fat in the diet?

• Causes weight gain

• Beneficial for cardiovascular health

• No impact on health

• Increases cholesterol levels

Answer explanation

Reducing or replacing saturated fat in the diet is beneficial for cardiovascular health as it helps lower the risk of heart disease.

What is the recommended daily intake of trans fats according to the World Health Organization?

• More than 20% of daily calories

• Less than 10% of daily calories

• Less than 5% of daily calories

• As much as possible

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'As much as possible' because the World Health Organization recommends avoiding trans fats as much as possible for better health.