Rocks and Minerals

What are the three main types of rocks?

• Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

• Sedimentary, volcanic, crystalline

How are igneous rocks formed?

• Through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

• As a result of metamorphism of sedimentary rocks.

• By the compression of sedimentary rocks.

• Through erosion and weathering of existing rocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

When molten rock undergoes crystallization above ground, what type of rock results?

• intrusive igneous rock

• extrusive igneous rock

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

What are the properties used to identify minerals?

• Taste, sound, temperature

• Transparency, magnetism, odor

• Flexibility, radioactivity, magnetism

• Color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, specific gravity, and crystal form

How does weathering differ from erosion?

• Weathering creates new rocks, while erosion destroys existing rocks.

• Weathering breaks down rocks, while erosion transports the weathered materials.

• Weathering is a slow process, while erosion is a rapid process.

• Weathering only affects soil, while erosion only affects rocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling of magma?

• Volcanic

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

What is the process of sedimentary rock formation?

• Deposition, compaction, and cementation

• Erosion, melting, and crystallization

• Subduction, folding, and faulting

• Weathering, evaporation, and lithification

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What type of rock is formed through extreme heat and pressure?

• sandstone

• metamorphic

• igneous

• sedimentary

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture in minerals?

• Cleavage always results in jagged edges, while fracture results in smooth surfaces

• Cleavage and fracture are interchangeable terms to describe how minerals break

• Cleavage is the result of physical weathering, while fracture is caused by chemical weathering

• Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks along planes of weakness due to its internal atomic structure, resulting in smooth, flat surfaces. Fracture is the way a mineral breaks irregularly and unevenly, not along specific planes.

How does the process of erosion contribute to the rock cycle?

• Erosion contributes to the rock cycle by creating volcanic rocks.

• Erosion contributes to the rock cycle by forming metamorphic rocks.

• Erosion contributes to the rock cycle by causing earthquakes.

• Erosion contributes to the rock cycle by forming sedimentary rocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2