U4: Our Secret Universe: The Hidden Life of the Cell

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe THE MOTOR PROTEINS OF THE CELL

Answer explanation

Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoplasm of cells. They convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. Flagellar rotation, however, is powered by a proton pump.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe ATP Synthase in Mitochondria

Answer explanation

ATP synthase is an enzyme located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts (plant cells) that produces the energy 'currency' of the cell known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is used by most all living organisms, including you. That's right, your body is producing ATP right now.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe DNA Repair Enzymes

Answer explanation

The repair enzymes must detect the mismatched bases and repair the unmethylated strand before methylation of the new strand takes place. The repair is initiated by a GATC endonuclease, which makes a single-strand cut in the strand bearing the incorrect base at the nearest GATC sequence.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe Protein Pumps in Cell Membrane

Answer explanation

Pumps, also known as transporters, are transmembrane proteins that actively move ions and/or solutes across biological membranes against a concentration or electrochemical gradient. Protein pumps move ions and other solutes across membranes at concentration gradients of up to a million times.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe: Security and Receptor Proteins on Cell Membrane

Answer explanation

Membrane receptors transmit information about extracellular stimuli into the cytoplasm.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe: Antibodies

Answer explanation

Antibodies are proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced by your immune system, antibodies bind to these unwanted substances in order to eliminate them from your system. Another word for antibody is immunoglobulin.J

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They describe motor proteins in the film and explain what they do for the cell and/or the virus. Describe: Protein that Recognizes Antibodies and Recruits

Answer explanation

With protein antigens, the antibody molecule contacts the antigen over a broad area of its surface that is complementary to the surface recognized on the antigen. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions can all contribute to binding.

Are all proteins the same? Explain using a specific example from the film

Answer explanation

Some proteins found in food are “complete,” meaning they contain all twenty-plus types of amino acids needed to make new protein in the body. Others are incomplete, lacking one or more of the nine essential amino acids, which our bodies can't make from scratch or from other amino acids.

What are viruses? Are viruses considered living? How do you know?

Answer explanation

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.

Draw the virus from the film and label the following parts: protein coat (capsid), protein keys, and Nucleic Acid (DNA).