Chemical Reactions and Equations

What are the five main types of chemical reactions?

• Oxidation Reactions

• Acid-Base Reactions

• Combination (Synthesis) Reactions, Decomposition Reactions, Single Replacement (Substitution) Reactions, Double Replacement (Metathesis) Reactions, Combustion Reactions

• Photochemical Reactions

Explain how to balance a chemical equation using the example of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

• 2H2O -> 2H2 + O2

• H2O -> 2H2 + O2

• 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

• 2H2 + O2 -> H2O

Define redox reactions and provide an example.

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of protons between reactants. One example is the reaction between sodium and chlorine to form table salt.

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of neutrons between reactants. One example is the reaction between carbon and oxygen to form carbon dioxide.

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of energy between reactants. One example is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. One example is the reaction between iron and oxygen to form rust.

How can you identify an acid-base reaction?

• By counting the number of atoms in the reactants

• By observing the color change of the reactants

• By measuring the temperature change during the reaction

• By observing the transfer of protons (H+) from the acid to the base.

If a substance is highly reactive with oxygen, what type of chemical reaction is likely to occur?

• Oxidation reaction

• Neutralization reaction

• Combustion reaction

• Decomposition reaction

In the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), what are the products formed?

• Chlorine gas (Cl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

• Water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl)

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (H2O)

• Hydrogen gas (H2) and sodium chloride (NaCl)

What is the role of catalysts in chemical reactions?

• Catalysts slow down reactions by increasing activation energy.

• Catalysts change the products of reactions.

• Catalysts have no effect on the speed of reactions.

• Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Balance the chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form potassium sulfate and water.

• H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O

• H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O2

• H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O

• H2SO4 + KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O

Explain the difference between a reactant and a product in a chemical reaction.

• Reactants and products are always the same substances in a chemical reaction.

• Reactants are the end results, and products are the starting materials of a chemical reaction.

• Reactants and products are interchangeable terms in a chemical reaction.

• Reactants are the starting materials, and products are the end results of a chemical reaction.

Identify the type of chemical reaction that occurs when magnesium (Mg) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO).

• Acid-base reaction

• Combination reaction

• Single displacement reaction

• Decomposition reaction