Sci Rev & Enl Review

First to propose heliocentric model

• Copernicus
• Galileo
• Newton
• Kepler

Church silenced, telescope, moons, etc

• Galileo
• Newton
• Copernicus
• Kepler

Universal gravitation, calculus, changed view of universe

• Newton
• Galileo
• Copernicus
• Kepler

Inductive reasoning

• Bacon
• Galileo
• Descartes
• General to specific

Deductive reasoning, geometry, "Cogito ergo sum"

• Descartes
• Newton
• Bacon
• Specifc to general

Social contract, general will, democracy

• Rousseau
• Voltaire
• Montesquieu
• Locke

Speech & religion

• Voltaire
• Montesquieu
• Locke
• Rousseau

Separation of powers

• Montesquieu
• Locke
• Rousseau
• Voltaire

No cruel & unusual, no capital punishment

• Beccaria
• Diderot
• Adam Smith
• Wollstonecraft

Publisher of the Encyclopédie

• Diderot
• Beccaria
• Adam Smith
• Wollstonecraft