Chem1

What is the nature of the bonding in a benzene ring?

• Non-planar structure with variable bond lengths

• Planar structure with bond length intermediate between single and double bonds

• Planar structure with bond length equivalent to a single bond

• Non-planar structure with bond length equivalent to a double bond

Why is benzene more stable than cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene?

• Because of its planar structure

• Due to the presence of single bonds only

• Due to the presence of double bonds only

• Because of the delocalisation of p electrons

What type of reactions do benzene rings undergo?

• Substitution reactions

• Addition reactions

• Elimination reactions

• Reduction reactions

What is an important step in the synthesis of explosives?

• Hydrogenation

• Nitration

• Hydration

• Halogenation

What catalyst is used in Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions?

• H2SO4

• NaOH

• AlCl3

• KMnO4

What are carboxylic acids able to do?

• Liberate CO2 from carbonates

• Liberate NH3 from ammonium salts

• Decompose into alcohols and ethers

• React with bases to form water

What is the industrial advantage of ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride?

• It is safer to handle

• All of the above

• It is cheaper

• It is less reactive

What can esters be hydrolysed into?

• Alcohols and ethers

• Alcohols and carboxylic acids

• Alkenes and alcohols

• Alkanes and carboxylic acids

What is biodiesel produced from?

• Animal fats and ethanol

• Animal fats and methanol

• Vegetable oils and methanol

• Vegetable oils and ethanol

What are vegetable oils and animal fats examples of?

• Esters of propane-1,2,3-triol

• Simple lipids

• Fatty acid salts

• Complex lipids