Romanian orphan studies

What is the definition of an orphan in orphan studies?

• A child who has been adopted by another family

• A child whose parents are living but cannot look after them

• A child living in an institution

• A child whose parents have either died or have abandoned them permanently

What does the term 'institutionalisation' refer to?

• The process of adopting a child

• The effects of living in an institutional setting

• The act of placing a child in an orphanage

• The legal process of becoming an institution

What was a significant consequence of Nicolai Ceausescu's policy in Romania?

• Improved conditions in Romanian orphanages

• A decrease in the birth rate

• Many children ended up in orphanages due to economic hardship

• Increased adoption rates in the UK

What was the aim of the English and Romanian adoptee (ERA) study?

• To compare the IQ of Romanian orphans to those of UK orphans

• To study the effects of institutionalisation on adults

• To investigate if good care could mitigate poor early experiences

• To increase adoption rates in the UK

At what age did the adopted children show differential rates of recovery related to their age of adoption, according to Rutter et al.'s research?

• At age 22-25

• At age 11

• At age 6

• At age 4

What was a common symptom among children adopted after six months, as found in Rutter et al.'s research?

• High IQ

• Low nutritional levels

• Rapid physical development

• Disinhibited attachment

Which behaviour indicates disinhibited attachment?

• Overly familiar behaviour

• Excessive stranger anxiety

• Curiosity

• Ability to form healthy relationships

How many Romanian children were assessed in Zeanah et al.'s Bucharest early intervention project?

• 52 children

• 50 children

• 95 children

• 165 children

What percentage of the institutional group in Zeanah et al.'s research were securely attached?

• 74%

• 44%

• 19%

• Less than 20%

What unusual social behaviour was measured in Zeanah et al.'s research?

• High levels of intelligence

• Exceptional memory skills

• Disinhibited attachment

• Rapid physical growth