EARTHQUAKES AND CAUSES

What is an earthquake?

• An earthquake is a result of excessive rainfall

• An earthquake is a man-made disaster

• An earthquake is caused by the movement of the moon

• An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere.

What are the primary causes of earthquakes?

• Meteor impacts

• Volcanic eruptions

• Global warming

• Movement of tectonic plates along fault lines

How do tectonic plate movements cause earthquakes?

• Tectonic plate movements cause earthquakes by increasing atmospheric pressure

• Tectonic plate movements cause earthquakes by creating new landmasses

• Tectonic plate movements cause earthquakes by altering the Earth's magnetic field

• Tectonic plate movements cause earthquakes by building up stress at plate boundaries and releasing it as seismic waves when the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks.

What is the role of faults in causing earthquakes?

• Faults have no impact on causing earthquakes

• Faults play a crucial role in causing earthquakes by releasing accumulated stress in the Earth's crust.

• Earthquakes are caused by volcanic eruptions, not faults

• Earthquakes are solely caused by human activities, not faults

What are the secondary causes of earthquakes?

• Tectonic plate movement

• Meteorite impacts

• Climate change

• Volcanic activity, human activities such as mining, reservoir-induced seismicity, and extraction of natural gas or oil

How does human activity contribute to causing earthquakes?

• Burning fossil fuels

• Human activities such as mining, reservoir-induced seismicity, and hydraulic fracturing can contribute to causing earthquakes.

• Building dams

• Deforestation

What are the different types of seismic waves produced during an earthquake?

• P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves (Love waves and Rayleigh waves)

• R-waves, L-waves, and Q-waves

• M-waves, T-waves, and U-waves

• Primary waves, Secondary waves, and Tertiary waves

How are earthquakes measured and categorized?

• Earthquakes are measured by counting the number of aftershocks

• Earthquakes are measured by the amount of rainfall that follows the event

• Seismographs measure earthquakes and they are categorized based on their magnitude using the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale.

• Earthquakes are categorized based on the color of the sky during the event

What are the potential effects of earthquakes on the environment and human settlements?

• The potential effects of earthquakes on the environment and human settlements include destruction of infrastructure, landslides, tsunamis, soil liquefaction, disruption of water and power supply, and environmental hazards such as fires and toxic spills.

• Decrease in air pollution

• Improvement in wildlife habitat

• Increase in agricultural productivity

What are some safety measures to take before, during, and after an earthquake?

• Securing heavy furniture, appliances, and water heaters before the earthquake, drop, cover, and hold on during the earthquake, and checking for injuries, gas leaks, and structural damage after the earthquake are important safety measures.

• Leaving the gas on after the earthquake

• Ignoring any injuries after the earthquake

• Running outside during the earthquake