2.2 PSAT?SAT Colon and Semicolon practice

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.

Upon entering the room, you will have two choices either drink from the chalice or drinking from the mug.

• Upon entering the room, you will have too choices, either drink from the chalice or drink from the mug.

• NO CHANGE

• Upon entering the room, you will have two choices; drinking from the chalice or drink from the mug.

• Upon entering the room, you will have two choices: either drink from the chalice or drink from the mug.

Answer explanation

A colon can be used to separate these two clauses. A semi-colon cannot be used, because the second clause cannot stand independently as a full sentence. Both of the verbs used need to be conjugated in the same way. The only answer choice that corrects both of these issues is, "Upon entering the room, you will have two choices: either drink from the chalice or drink from the mug."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. 

The nineteenth-century athlete, C. W. Alcock, was a foundational figure for two separate sports soccer and cricket.

• NO CHANGE

• two separate sports soccer, and cricket.

• soccer and cricket: two separate sports.

• two separate sports: soccer and cricket.

Answer explanation

The underlined portion includes both a descriptive phrase, "two separate sports," and what it describes, "soccer and cricket." These two phrases need to be separated in a grammatically correct fashion. "Two separate sports: soccer and cricket," is the only answer choice that appropriately separates them,

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.

The bride divided her wedding binder into four sections, venue, catering, decorations, and dress.

• four sections, venue, catering, decorations, and dress.

• four sections: venue, catering, decorations, and dress.

• four sections: venue; catering; decorations; and dress.

• four sections; venue; catering; decorations; and dress.

Answer explanation

Because “The bride divided her wedding binder into four sections” is an independent clause (a complete sentence that stands on its own) and because it’s followed by a list, a colon is needed. If the independent clause were followed by another independent clause, a semicolon would be needed. If the beginning of the sentence wasn’t an independent clause, then a colon would not be necessary before the list. Semicolons are only used to separate items in a list if those items contain commas, and since that’s not the case here, we use commas to separate the items in this list.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.

Some laud wind power as a clean, renewable energy source: others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land.

• Some laud it as a clean, renewable energy source: and others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land. 

• Some laud it as a clean, renewable energy source: others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land. 

• Some laud wind power as a clean, renewable energy source; others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land.

• Some laud it as a clean, renewable energy source, others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land. 

Answer explanation

The sentence is incorrect as it is written because it is using a colon to combine two independent clauses into a compound sentence. When combining two independent clauses into a compound sentence, one should use either a semicolon or a comma followed by a conjunction. The only answer choice that employs one of these strategies is "Some laud wind power as a clean, renewable energy source; others worry about the environmental effect of setting up rows of turbines, or “wind farms,” either offshore or on land."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.

I don’t know if I want: the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party, what do you think?

• I don’t know if I want the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party, what do you think?

• I don’t know if I want: the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party, what do you think?

• I don’t know if I want the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party; what do you think?

• I don’t know if I want the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party: what do you think?

Answer explanation

Only use a colon to enumerate items in a list if the part of the sentence preceding the list is an independent clause (one that could stand as a complete sentence on its own). Since “I don’t know if I want” isn’t an independent clause, no colon is needed before listing the meal choices. And, since “I don’t know if I want the chicken, beef, or vegetarian option for this party” and “what do you think?” are both independent clauses, they must be separated by a semicolon.

Replace the underlined section with the answer that best results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. 

While I’m away at the convention, I need you to do the following chores: mow the lawn and clean the gutters, which are clogged.

• While I’m away at the convention, I need you to mow the lawn and clean the gutters, which are clogged.

• While I’m away at the convention, I need you to do the following chores: mow the lawn and clean the gutters, which are clogged.

• While I’m away at the convention, I need you to do the following chores, mow the lawn and clean the gutters, which are clogged.

• While I’m away at the convention I need you to do the following chores: mow the lawn and clean the gutters, which are clogged.

Answer explanation

Because “mow the lawn and clean out the gutters,” isn’t a list of three or more items, no colon is necessary to introduce it. “While I’m away at the convention” and “which are clogged” are dependent clauses, so they must be separated from the main clause with a comma. A better sentence would read as follows: “While I’m away at the convention, I need you to mow the lawn and clean out the gutters, which are clogged.”