Volcanoes and Eruptions

What are the three main types of volcanoes?

• dome volcanoes

• explosive volcanoes

• caldera volcanoes

• shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes

Answer explanation

The three main types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes.

What is the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano?

• The main difference is in the number of eruptions they have had

• Shield volcanoes are found on land while stratovolcanoes are found underwater

• The difference is in the color of the lava they erupt

• The main difference is in their shape and the type of lava they erupt. Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and erupt low-viscosity lava, while stratovolcanoes have steep slopes and erupt high-viscosity lava.

Answer explanation

The main difference is in their shape and the type of lava they erupt. Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and erupt low-viscosity lava, while stratovolcanoes have steep slopes and erupt high-viscosity lava.

What are the primary factors that contribute to a volcanic eruption?

• Lack of rainfall, tectonic plate movement, and wind patterns

• Human activity, solar flares, and lunar phases

• Presence of magma, buildup of pressure from gases, and structural weakness of the Earth's crust

• Temperature changes, seismic activity, and ocean currents

Answer explanation

The primary factors that contribute to a volcanic eruption are the presence of magma, buildup of pressure from gases, and structural weakness of the Earth's crust.

What are the different types of volcanic eruptions?

• Sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous eruptions

• Tephra, lahar, and pyroclastic eruptions

• Subduction, rift, and hotspot eruptions

• magmatic, Plinian, and phreatic eruptions

Answer explanation

The correct types of volcanic eruptions are magmatic, Plinian, and phreatic eruptions.

What are the hazards associated with volcanic eruptions?

• Lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, lahars, and volcanic gases

• Drought, wildfires, and heatwaves

• Tornadoes, hurricanes, and thunderstorms

• Earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides

Answer explanation

The hazards associated with volcanic eruptions include lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, lahars, and volcanic gases.

How do scientists monitor volcanic activity?

• Compasses and telescopes

• Seismometers, gas sensors, satellite imagery, and ground deformation measurements are used to monitor volcanic activity.

• Weather vanes and rain gauges

• Thermometers and barometers

Answer explanation

Scientists monitor volcanic activity using seismometers, gas sensors, satellite imagery, and ground deformation measurements.

What are some common volcanic landforms?

• Canyons, glaciers, and deserts

• Volcanoes, calderas, lava plateaus, and volcanic cones

• Tornadoes, hurricanes, and tsunamis

• Mountains, rivers, and lakes

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Volcanoes, calderas, lava plateaus, and volcanic cones' as these are common volcanic landforms.

What are the methods used for predicting volcanic activity?

• Counting bird populations

• Monitoring seismic activity, gas emissions, ground deformation, and thermal changes

• Analyzing ocean currents

• Measuring cloud cover

Answer explanation

The methods used for predicting volcanic activity include monitoring seismic activity, gas emissions, ground deformation, and thermal changes.

Name one famous volcano in the Philippines and describe its recent activity.

• Mount Bulusan's recent activity includes no recorded eruptions in the last 50 years.

• Mayon Volcano's recent activity includes sporadic eruptions and ash explosions in 2018 and 2020.

• Taal Volcano's recent activity includes no significant eruptions in the past decade.

• Mount Pinatubo's recent activity includes minor seismic activity in 2019.

Answer explanation

Mayon Volcano's recent activity includes sporadic eruptions and ash explosions in 2018 and 2020.

What are the potential impacts of a volcanic eruption on the environment?

• Increase in biodiversity

• Stabilization of ecosystems

• Improvement in air quality

• Air pollution, acid rain, damage to ecosystems, and global climate change

Answer explanation

The potential impacts of a volcanic eruption on the environment include air pollution, acid rain, damage to ecosystems, and global climate change.