Science Mastery Physical Science

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

• The entropy of the universe always increases.

• Heat flows from a body of high temperature to one of lower temperature.

• For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Which type of energy is associated with the motion of objects?

• Potential energy

• Chemical energy

• Kinetic energy

• Nuclear energy

What are electromagnetic waves?

• Waves that require a medium to travel through

• Waves that can only travel through a vacuum

• Waves that can travel through a vacuum and do not require a medium

• Mechanical waves that travel through solid materials

What is a chemical reaction?

• A process that changes the physical state of a substance

• A process in which atomic nuclei are combined or split

• A process that changes the chemical composition of substances

• A process that only involves changes in physical properties

Which of the following is NOT a state of matter?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

What does Newton's first law of motion state?

• Force equals mass times acceleration.

• For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to its mass.

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

Which of the following is a characteristic of gamma rays?

• They have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.

• They are sound waves.

• They have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum.

• They can be easily blocked by a sheet of paper.

In a chemical reaction, what is the law of conservation of mass?

• Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.

• Mass increases as the reaction proceeds.

• Mass decreases as the reaction proceeds.

• Mass is only conserved in physical changes, not chemical reactions.

What is sublimation in terms of states of matter?

• The transition from solid to liquid

• The transition from liquid to gas

• The transition from gas to solid

• The transition from solid to gas