Unit 6 Review

Barometers, instruments that measure atmospheric pressure, were once the best way to predict that a hurricane was coming. Today, scientists still study the changes in atmospheric pressure caused by hurricanes. They can also track hurricanes using satellite photography. What does the change in how scientists study hurricanes indicate about scientific progress?

• Scientists always look for new questions to investigate.

• Scientists always use new variables when performing investigations.

• Scientists must often choose between disagreeing data.

• Scientists must often find ways to combine data from different sources.

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The area in which you live has a particular climate. It also has weather. What is the difference between climate and weather?

• Climate is determined by temperature and precipitation, whereas weather is determined only by humidity, air pressure, and wind conditions.

• Weather is determined by temperature and precipitation, whereas climate is determined only by humidity, air pressure, and wind conditions.

• Climate is the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place, whereas weather is the characteristic climate in an area over a long period of time.

• Weather is the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place, whereas climate is the characteristic weather in an area over a long period of time.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Ellie measures the outdoor temperature each day for a week at exactly 3:00 p.m. The temperatures she records are all between 25 °C and 30 °C. Ellie concludes that the climate of her area is tropical. What is the most important reason why her study and conclusion may not be correct?

• She recorded the temperature at only one time of day instead of more often.

• She made her conclusion based only on temperature and not also on precipitation.

• She made her conclusion based on only 1 week of data instead of over a long period of time.

• She did not calculate the humidity, air pressure, and wind conditions when she made her conclusion.

Denver, Colorado is a popular summer vacation destination because of its beautiful scenery and weather. The graphs below show the average temperature range and average precipitation in Denver. Which data would you use to make a statement about Denver's climate?

• the average temperature range

• the average monthly precipitation

• the highest values for each of the graphs

• a combination of all the data on the graphs

Hurricanes are large storms that form over warm waters out in the ocean. Hurricanes are associated with low-pressure regions in the atmosphere. How does the low pressure associated with a hurricane help them grow big and powerful?

• Air in the atmosphere tends to move towards low-pressure regions, which would increase the winds surrounding a hurricane.

• Low pressure regions push away other air in the atmosphere, which would make the hurricane bigger.

• Low-pressure air heats up the water and therefore makes the hurricane stronger.

• Low-pressure conditions means slow winds, which makes the hurricane stronger.

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Weather and climate are greatly affected by interactions between the hydrosphere and atmosphere. One way the atmosphere contributes to weather patterns is the result of jet streams like the one shown in the picture below. The jet stream over North America separates cold air masses in the north from warmer air masses to the south. As the picture show, the jet stream tends to move farther south in winter. How might this change in position affect weather in the United States?

• Severe storms such as thunderstorms and tornadoes would only form in the far north during this time

• Colder air would move farther south, producing colder temperatures in regions that are normally warmer.

• Warmer air would tend to flow north, producing mild winter temperatures in regions that are normally colder.

• Cold fronts forming south of the jet stream would become stationary, producing dry conditions north of the jet stream.

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Weather and climate are greatly affected by interactions between the hydrosphere and atmosphere. One way the atmosphere contributes to weather patterns is the result of jet streams like the one shown in the picture below..

T jet stream over North America separates cold air masses in the north from warmer air masses to the south. As the picture show, the jet stream tends to move farther south in winter. How might this change in position affect weather in the United States?

 

• A. Severe storms such as thunderstorms and tornadoes would only form in the far north during this time

• B. Colder air would move farther south, producing colder temperatures in regions that are normally warmer.

   

• C. Warmer air would tend to flow north, producing mild winter temperatures in regions that are normally colder.

• D. Cold fronts forming south of the jet stream would become stationary, producing dry conditions north of the jet stream.

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The map provided shows the jet stream, as well as high and low pressure zones and rain. Based on the information provided in the weather map, which city shown will most likely see a drop in pressure accompanied by precipitation?

Refer to the weather map. Which city is likely to experience the least amount of precipitation?

• Baltimore

• Jacksonville

• Portland

• Rapid City

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Earth's spheres interact in many ways. Which describes how the hydrosphere and atmosphere interact?

• A heavy snowfall adds mass to a glacier.

• Polluted air kills several animal species.

• Magma erupts and releases trapped gases.

• Ocean currents influence weather patterns.

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Which pair of Earth's spheres interact the most when ocean waves break onto a beach?

• atmosphere and biosphere

• geosphere and atmosphere

• hydrosphere and biosphere

• geosphere and hydrosphere

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