Cognitive Approach (revision)

Which of the following memory models/theories best explains how memories can be distorted?

• Working Memory Model

• Importance Driven Model

• schema theory

• multi store memory model

Warrington and Shallice's (1972) case study of patient KF supports the theory that

• The hippocampus is responsible for the transfer of information from STM to LTM

• Procedural memories are not processed in the hippocampus.

• Visual and auditory information is processed in different short-term memory stores.

• Short-term and long-term memories are in two different stores.

According to Glanzer and Cunitz's (1966) study, why was some information recalled more than others?

• It had been displaced by a distraction task

• The participants were able to chunk words together that had similar schema

• Primacy effect - it had been stored in  LTM as a result of rehearsal

• Some words had personal meaning for the participants

Now that I have moved to a new country and have started a new job, I am learning to do my job in a completely different way.  What is the name given to the process of changing one's schema to match new information?

• Accommodation

• Assimilation

• Leveling

• Confabulation

Peter Naish carried out a series of experiments to see how money affects behaviour.  In one experiment, he asked people to count money or count blank pieces of paper.  He then asked them to rate the quality of some chocolates. He found that when people were asked to first count money, they ate significantly more chocolates than the people who had just counted pieces of paper.  Which psychological phenomenon was being tested?

• Anchoring bias

• Assimilation

• Priming

• Peak end rule

I made a poor choice last week.  I bought a new insurance plan, but I didn't read it very carefully.  I was really stressed out by a lot of things at work and it is clear that it was not a good time to make a decision.  Which factor most likely played a role in this poor decision?

• A lack of relevant information

• Cognitive load

• We are all cognitive misers

• Ego depletion

Which of the following is false with regard to the Dual Process Model of decision-making?

• Much of the research on the model lacks ecological validity.

• There is no biological support for the model.

• The model is seen as overly simplistic.

• The two systems are not clearly defined.

Loftus has carried out a lot of research to find out how the techniques used by police to collect information from eyewitnesses may distort the memories of a crime scene.  Which of the following terms is the problem investigated by Loftus and Palmer (1974)?

• Misinformation effect

• Weapon effect

• Priming

• Confabulation

According to the Working Memory Model, what is the role of the Central Executive?

• It allocates sensory information to the appropriate subsystems

• It processes spatial memories

• It integrates information from the other components and maintains a sense of time so that events occur in a continuing sequence

• It processes auditory information.

What needs to happen to information in the sensory buffer (register) in order for it to be remembered?

• Selective Attention

• Priming

• Articulatory Suppression

• Elaborative rehearsal