biomechanics take 1

What are the sources of funding for this lecture?

• European Research Council, Kew Gardens, and Australian Tree Association

• American Society of Arboriculture, University of California, and Boston City Government

• National Science Foundation, Harvard University, and New York Botanical Garden

• ISA Florida Chapter, Tree Fund, and Massachusetts Arborists Association

What is mainly considered in biomechanics in tree cultivation?

• The possibility of tree collapse

• The growth rate of trees

• The efficiency of photosynthesis in trees

• The pest control of trees

What happens when the load exceeds the carrying capacity?

• Enhanced

• No change

• Failure

• Stable

What are force and moment components of?

• Load

• Stress

• Bearing capacity

• Strength

How is stress calculated?

• Add the load to the cross-sectional area

• Divide the load by the cross-sectional area

• Multiply the load by the cross-sectional area

• Divide the cross-sectional area by the load

The carrying capacity of a tree is least related to which factor?

• The height of the tree

• The strength of the wood

• The shape of the tree

• The diameter of the tree

If the diameter of a tree trunk is doubled, how does its carrying capacity change?

• Increases eightfold

• Increases fourfold

• Remains unchanged

• Doubles

The strength of wood is related to which factors?

• Related to the age of the tree

• Only related to the species

• Related to the species and growth conditions

• Only related to the diameter

The likelihood of tree failure increases due to what reason?

• The shape of the tree

• The color of the tree

• The location of the tree

• The defects of the tree

What is the method to reduce the possibility of tree failure?

• Change the color of the tree

• Increase the diameter of the tree

• Reduce the crown area of the tree

• Increase the height of the tree