Chs. 6 & 7-Ionto & EMG

What is the FALSE statement about iontophoresis?

• It allows meds to bypass the GI system

• It drives ions from molecules past the stratum corneum

• It allows for sharing of medications for cost-saving

• It allows meds to stay in therpeutic window.

Answer explanation

Prescription meds no matter the form or delivery should NEVER be shared between or among patients.

The _____ electrode contains the medication for delivery.

Answer explanation

B/c estim is used to deliver, polarity properties are still used based on the charge of the medication: likes repel, opposites attract.

What is the MOST ideal current to use for iontophoresis?

• alternating current

• high volt direct current

• direct current

• interferential current/waveform

Answer explanation

Interrupted currents (high volt DC) have an on/off or current duration is too short (IFC) for effective drug delivery. Continous delivery is best.

What is the PRIMARY purpose for electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback?

• To provide sensory electrical stimulation

• To deliver medicine via a needle into the muscle

• To assist in the recruitment of motor units

• To record electrical activity of a muslce

Answer explanation

There are varying types of EMG: probes, surface (us), and needles.

What is the typical setup for EMG leads/electrodes?

• Active (red), Reference (black), & Active (green)

• Positive (red) & Negative (black)

• Active (red), Active (green), & Reference (black)

• Active (red), Active (blue), Reference (black), & Active (green)

Answer explanation

Although the color of the EMG lead/electrode can differ, red, blue, yellow, the order of the electrodes stay the same.

Where should EMG electrodes should be placed?

• On the myotome, parallel to fibers, and far apart

• As near to the muscle being monitored, parallel to fibers, & close to each other

• On the dermatome, transverse to muscle fibers, and close to each other

• As near to the musculotendinous junction, transverse to related fibers, & far apart

Answer explanation

Lead/electrode setup should be placed to help create the least amount of interference.