Genetics and Protein Synthesis

What is a pedigree in genetics and how is it used?

• A pedigree in genetics is a type of food seasoning

• A pedigree in genetics is a type of dog breed

• A pedigree in genetics is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of a particular genetic trait or disease within a family. It is used to analyze the inheritance patterns of specific traits or diseases within a family and to determine the likelihood of an individual inheriting a particular trait or disease.

• A pedigree in genetics is a type of graph used to track financial investments

Explain the process of DNA replication.

• During DNA replication, the original DNA strand is destroyed and replaced with a new strand

• DNA replication involves the formation of RNA from a single DNA strand

• The process of DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, separation of the two strands, and synthesis of new complementary strands using the original strands as templates.

• The process of DNA replication does not require the unwinding of the DNA double helix

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

• RNA acts as a barrier to prevent protein synthesis

• RNA has no role in protein synthesis

• RNA is responsible for breaking down proteins during synthesis

• RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes and serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Differentiate between transcription and translation in protein synthesis.

• Transcription produces DNA from mRNA, while translation uses DNA to build a protein.

• Transcription produces proteins from DNA, while translation uses proteins to build mRNA.

• Transcription uses tRNA to build a protein, while translation produces mRNA from DNA.

• Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, while translation uses the mRNA to build a protein.

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

• Uracil (U), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Uracil (U), Guanine (G)

Explain the process of protein synthesis.

• Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• Protein synthesis is the process of breaking down proteins into smaller molecules.

• Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins, involving transcription and translation.

• Protein synthesis only involves the process of transcription.

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

• tRNA transports lipids to the ribosome

• tRNA acts as a catalyst in protein synthesis

• tRNA helps in the transcription of DNA

How does a mutation in DNA affect protein synthesis?

• A mutation in DNA always results in the production of a functional protein

• A mutation in DNA only affects RNA synthesis, not protein synthesis

• A mutation in DNA can result in the production of a non-functional or altered protein during protein synthesis.

• A mutation in DNA has no effect on protein synthesis

What is the significance of genetics in understanding inherited diseases?

• Genetics is significant in understanding inherited diseases as it helps in identifying the specific genes and mutations responsible for the disease.

• Genetics only plays a minor role in understanding inherited diseases

• Genetics has no significance in understanding inherited diseases

• Inherited diseases are not influenced by genetics

Explain the concept of gene expression.

• Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, such as a protein or RNA molecule.

• Gene expression is the process of combining genes to create a new organism

• Gene expression is the process of copying DNA to create a new gene

• Gene expression is the process of editing genes to change their function