Variables, Quantities, and Data Types

What is an independent variable in statistics?

• A variable that is only measured once

• A variable that is not relevant to the study

• A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

• A variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Can you give an example of a dependent variable?

• The population of a city

• The boiling point of water

• The height of a plant in response to different amounts of water given.

• The speed of a car

What is quantitative data?

• Information that cannot be quantified

• Qualitative data that is not measurable

• Numerical data that can be measured and expressed using numbers.

• Data that can only be expressed using words

Provide an example of qualitative data.

• The population of a city

• An example of qualitative data is the color of a person's eyes.

• The speed of a car

• The temperature of a substance

What is cross section data?

• Cross section data is data collected over a period of time

• Cross section data is data collected at a specific point in time or location.

• Cross section data is data collected without any specific criteria

• Cross section data is data collected from a variety of sources

What is time series data?

• Time series data is a series of data points indexed in random order.

• Time series data is a series of data points indexed in reverse order.

• Time series data is a series of data points indexed in time order.

• Time series data is a series of data points indexed in alphabetical order.

Explain what panel data is.

• Panel data is a type of qualitative data used in experimental research.

• Panel data is a type of cross-sectional data that includes observations on a single subject over time.

• Panel data is a type of longitudinal data that includes observations on multiple subjects or entities over time, often used in econometrics and social sciences.

• Panel data is a type of data that only includes observations at a single point in time.

Identify the independent variable in the following scenario: The amount of water given to plants and their growth rate.

• Temperature of the room where the plants are kept

• Type of plants used

• Time of day the plants are watered

• Amount of water given to plants

Identify the dependent variable in the following scenario: The amount of water given to plants and their growth rate.

• The growth rate of the plants

• The color of the plant's leaves

• The type of soil used

• The time of day the plants are watered

Give an example of quantitative data.

• The average height of students in a class (e.g. 160 cm)

• The taste of a food (e.g. sweet)

• The color of a car (e.g. blue)

• The name of a city (e.g. New York)