AP Psychology Thinking and Cognition

What are the basic sound units of language called?

• Phonemes

• Morphemes

• Syntax

• Semantics

What is the smallest meaningful unit of speech?

• Morphemes

• Syntax

• Phonemes

• Semantics

Which theorist believed that our brains are prewired for a universal grammar?

• Daniel Kahneman

• Noam Chomsky

• B. F. Skinner

• Benjamin Whorf

What is the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem called?

• Algorithm

• Insight

• Trial and Error

• Heuristic

What is the tendency to search for and use information that supports our preconceptions, and ignore information that refutes our ideas called?

• Confirmation Bias

• Hindsight Bias

• Belief Perseverance

• Overconfidence Bias

What is the ability to think about a problem or idea in new and unusual ways, to come up with unconventional solutions called?

• Divergent Thinking

• Convergent Thinking

• Critical Thinking

• Metacognition

What is the process of generating lots of ideas without evaluating them called?

• Insight

• Algorithm

• Trial and Error

• Brainstorming

What is the tendency to be influenced by a suggested reference point, pulling our response toward that point called?

• Framing

• Anchoring Effect

• Functional Fixedness

• Biases

What is the process of reasoning from the specific to the general called?

• Metacognition

• Deductive Reasoning

• Inductive Reasoning

• Critical Thinking

What is the inability to look at a problem from a fresh perspective called?

• Confirmation Bias

• Fixation

• Mental Set

• Functional Fixedness