APUSH 6.10 - Development of the Middle Class (Heimler)

What led to the creation of a managerial layer in large corporations?

• To invent new technologies

• To reduce the number of employees

• To keep the day-to-day operations of the company going

• To increase the company's profits directly

What role did the invention of the typewriter play in the expansion of the middle class?

• It reduced the number of white-collar workers

• It made manual labor more prevalent

• It expanded clerical roles, particularly for women

• It decreased the need for clerical roles

What was a significant effect of the middle class having disposable income and more free time?

• Decrease in leisure time activities

• Rise in leisure time activities

• Decrease in the construction of amusement parks

• Reduction in the popularity of spectator sports

What was the largest amusement park in the United States at the time?

• Coney Island in New York

• Disneyland

• Six Flags

• Universal Studios

What did Carnegie believe was the duty of the rich?

• To keep their wealth to themselves

• To reinvest their money into society for the benefit of the less fortunate

• To increase their wealth through investments

• To create more jobs for the middle class

What was Carnegie's focus in helping the poor?

• Building homes for the poor

• Creating opportunities for them to better themselves

• Providing direct financial assistance

• Offering free meals

What type of institutions did Carnegie invest in?

• Private luxury resorts

• Public libraries, universities, and concert halls

• Banks for financial stability

• Factories for more jobs

What was Phoebe Apperson Hearst's philanthropic focus?

• In housing for the homeless

• In education for equal opportunities

• In healthcare for the poor

• In food distribution for the hungry

“Why is it that the middle class has a monopoly of the real enjoyment in Chicago? . . .

“Theoretically, at least, there are no classes in Chicago. But the ‘middle class’ means all those people who are respectably in the background, who work either with hand or brain, who are neither poverty-stricken nor offensively rich, and who are not held down by the arbitrary laws governing that mysterious part of the community known as society. . . .

“It is quite a privilege to belong to the middle class, especially during the warm weather in June. A middle-class family may sit on the front stoop all evening and watch the society people go to the weddings in their closed carriages. Father doesn’t have to wear a tight dress coat all evening and have a collar choking him. . . .

“In Lincoln Park . . . the young man who drives the delivery wagon sits of an evening and holds the hand of the young woman who addresses letters. They are very happy, as well they may be, for no Chicago millionaire has such a magnificent front yard, with such a large lake and so many stately trees around it. They must feel sorry for the millionaire, who cannot go to a public park in the evening to stroll or sit. . . . It doesn’t trouble the delivery boy to have other people present and enjoying themselves.”

George Ade, journalist, “The Advantage of Being ‘Middle Class,’” Chicago Record, 1890

Question

Which of the following can be concluded about the status of middle-class people during the late 1800s when the excerpt was produced?

• They grew to be more financially stable than elites.

• They experienced a growth of access to leisure time.

• They faced declining working conditions.

• They sought to minimize the influence of consumerism.

“Why is it that the middle class has a monopoly of the real enjoyment in Chicago? . . .

“Theoretically, at least, there are no classes in Chicago. But the ‘middle class’ means all those people who are respectably in the background, who work either with hand or brain, who are neither poverty-stricken nor offensively rich, and who are not held down by the arbitrary laws governing that mysterious part of the community known as society. . . .

“It is quite a privilege to belong to the middle class, especially during the warm weather in June. A middle-class family may sit on the front stoop all evening and watch the society people go to the weddings in their closed carriages. Father doesn’t have to wear a tight dress coat all evening and have a collar choking him. . . .

“In Lincoln Park . . . the young man who drives the delivery wagon sits of an evening and holds the hand of the young woman who addresses letters. They are very happy, as well they may be, for no Chicago millionaire has such a magnificent front yard, with such a large lake and so many stately trees around it. They must feel sorry for the millionaire, who cannot go to a public park in the evening to stroll or sit. . . . It doesn’t trouble the delivery boy to have other people present and enjoying themselves.”

George Ade, journalist, “The Advantage of Being ‘Middle Class,’” Chicago Record, 1890

Question

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following historical situations in urban areas in the late 1800s?

• Working people demanded increased access to higher education.

• Many social elites also accessed public leisure spaces in cities.

• Traditional methods of urban planning and recreation remained dominant.

• New public spaces were designed to enhance urban environments.