Rocks, Weathering, and Erosion

What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

• Igneous rock

• Volcanic rock

• Metamorphic rock

• Sedimentary rock

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

• Volcanic eruption and cooling of magma

• Evaporation of seawater

• Formation from the metamorphism of other rocks

• Deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments

What is chemical weathering?

• The process by which rocks and minerals are broken down by chemical reactions.

• The process of rocks and minerals being physically broken down by wind and water.

• The process of rocks and minerals being transformed into sedimentary rocks.

• The process of rocks and minerals being formed through volcanic activity.

Name one example of chemical weathering.

• Formation of rust on iron-rich rocks or minerals

• Freezing of water in the cracks of rocks

• Formation of snow on mountain peaks

• Erosion caused by wind

How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?

• Physical weathering breaks down rocks without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rock's chemical composition.

• Physical weathering changes the chemical composition of rocks, while chemical weathering does not

• Physical weathering only occurs in water, while chemical weathering only occurs on land

• Physical weathering and chemical weathering are the same thing

Explain how water erosion can shape the Earth's surface.

• Creating deserts and sand dunes, changing the landscape

• Wearing away rock and soil, creating valleys, canyons, and riverbeds

• Freezing and expanding the soil, creating mountains and plateaus

• Causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, shaping the Earth's surface

What process occurs when water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands until it breaks the rock apart.

• Exfoliation

• Freeze-thaw

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

What do you call the process by which rocks and sediments are moved from one place to another by water, wind, ice, or other agents?

• weathering

• erosion

• rock cycle

• sedimentation

What is the method involving the covering of the ground with fallen twigs and dry leaves to protect the forest floor from flowing water?

• Terracing

• Strip cropping

• Mulching

• Contour Plowing

What refers to the building of a stair-like structure on the steep sides of hills or mountains?

• Terracing

• Crop rotation

• Strip cropping

• Reforestation