Ch. 4 SECTION 2: The Old and Middle Kingdoms

What purpose did pyramids serve?

• as centers of government

• as markets for trade

• as temples for religious workshop

• as tombs for the pharaohs

Which group of people made up the lowest class in the Egyptian social hierarchy?

• artisans and merchants

• farmers and soldiers

• officials and scribes

• slaves and unskilled laborers

Which god did Egyptians believe weighted their hearts after death?

• Anubis

• Osiris

• Ra

• Thoth

Why did Egyptians make mummies?

• to honor the ghosts of ancestors

• to provide a body for the spirit after death

• to protect the tombs of pharaohs

• to worship their gods

Which choice best describes the Egyptian Book of the Dead?

• a collection of hymns sung at burials

• a guidebook to the journey into the afterlife

• a religious poem read aloud at festivals

• a story recounting a polar epic adventure

What event marked the start of the Middle Kingdom?

• a civil war among rival groups

• a lengthy period of amine

• the conquest of the Hyksos

• the rule of Mentuhotep II

What characterized Egyptian religion?

• Beliefs, rituals, and deities
• Animal sacrifice and astrology
• Philosophy and science
• Monotheism and atheism

How did the Middle Kingdom differ from the Old Kingdom?

• The Middle Kingdom had a less developed economy and relied on subsistence farming.
• The Middle Kingdom had a smaller population and less advanced technology.
• The Middle Kingdom was characterized by a more centralized government and a focus on trade and expansion.
• The Middle Kingdom had a weaker government and focused on isolationism.

Why did Old kingdom pharaohs build pyramids?

• To provide housing for the common people
• As tombs for themselves and their families
• To store their treasure and wealth
• To serve as a place of worship for the gods

What was new and different about the design of King Djoser's burial building?

• It was made of wood
• It was shaped like a cube
• It was the first completely stone building

• It was built underground