Thermodynamics and Fluid Dynamics

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state about energy in a closed system?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed.

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• Energy is always lost when work is done.

• Energy within a closed system remains constant over time.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy. Which of the following best describes entropy?

• A measure of energy distribution in a closed system.

• The total energy of a system that can be used to do work.

• A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

• The conversion rate of heat into work.

Bernoulli's Principle is best described by which of the following statements?

• The pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid's velocity increases.

• The pressure in a fluid increases as the fluid's velocity increases.

• The velocity of a fluid decreases as its cross-sectional area increases.

• The total energy in a flowing fluid remains constant along its path.

What is the main implication of the First Law of Thermodynamics for a heat engine?

• It can convert all heat into work with 100% efficiency.

• It cannot operate without losing some heat to its surroundings.

• It increases the total amount of energy in the universe.

• It can function indefinitely without fuel.

Which of the following scenarios is a practical example of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• Water flowing uphill without external force.

• Ice melting on a hot day.

• A ball rolling indefinitely without friction.

• A perfectly efficient car engine.

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According to Charles Law, if the temperature is doubled while the volume remains constant, what happens to the pressure?

• The pressure will triple
• The pressure will decrease
• The pressure will double.
• The pressure will remain the same

How does Bernoulli's Principle explain the lift force on an airplane wing?

• By showing that the pressure above the wing is greater than below.

• By demonstrating that the velocity of air is constant around the wing.

• By indicating that the pressure above the wing is less than below, creating lift.

• By proving that the weight of the airplane is balanced by air pressure.

What is the unit of entropy in the International System of Units (SI)?

• Joule per Kelvin (J/K)

• Pascal (Pa)

• Newton (N)

• Watt (W)

Which of the following is NOT a statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder to a hotter body.

• The entropy of the universe tends to increase.

• Energy efficiency of a cyclic process can be 100%.

• It is impossible for any system to operate in a way that entropy is destroyed.

According to Bernoulli's Principle, what happens to the pressure of a fluid as its speed increases in a horizontal pipe?

• The pressure increases.

• The pressure decreases.

• The pressure remains constant.

• The pressure first decreases, then increases.