10 - 1.2 Vocab & biodiversity - February 15, 2024

What is genetics?

• The study of cells and their functions

• The study of heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring

• The study of diseases and their causes

• The study of environmental effects on organisms

What does the term "trait" refer to in genetics?

• A random mutation in an organism

• A learned behavior in animals

• An inherited characteristic

• A temporary physical change in response to the environment

• A sequence of 100 - 2 million nitrogenous bases

Which term describes an allele or trait that is expressed regardless of the identity of the other allele for the characteristic?

• Recessive

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

• Dominant

When is a recessive allele or trait expressed in an organism?

• When it is the only allele present for a trait

• When it is paired with a dominant allele

• When two alleles for the trait are different

• When two alleles for the trait are present and the dominant allele is not

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

• Homozygous genotypes have two different alleles, while heterozygous genotypes have two of the same alleles

• Homozygous genotypes have two of the same alleles, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles

• Homozygous genotypes are always dominant, while heterozygous genotypes are always recessive

• Homozygous genotypes are always recessive, while heterozygous genotypes are always dominant

Select the dominant allele from below.

• B

• b

• gg

In which genotype below would the recessive trait be shown?

• GG

• Gg

• gg

Which genotype below is heterozygous?

• HH

• Hh

• hh

Select ALL the homozygous genotypes shown below.

• Rr

• HH

• gg

• Mm

• dd

True or false: traits are inherited by offspring

• True

• False

• Sometimes