r1 - research problem

generalizations and hypothesized principles

Is a precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict will be the outcome of the study

There is a relationship between the two variables being studied

An experimental hypothesis predicts what changes will take place in the dependent variable when the independent variable is manipulated

solution of which requires reflective thinking

is the first step in research, a through knowledge of all its elements is crucial to make the correct decision

States that there is no relationship between the two variable being studied - No changes in DV due to the manipulation of the IV

A two-tailed hypothesis predicts that the IV will have an effect on the DV, but direction is not specified

A one-tailed hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the IV on the DV

Predicts in which directional change will take place

Propose by karl popper

A way of demarcating science from non-science

For popper, science should attempt to disprove a theory, rather than attempt to continually support theoretical hypothesi

new and unique in itself