CFA 4 Compare Contrast

Passage 1 

Clean Transportation by Carlos Sanchez 

 Climate change is a big concern in today's world. There is a rise in average temperatures, along with a change in weather patterns in many parts of the world. An increase in harmful gases in the atmosphere is one reason for this. Getting people to use clean transportation can help reduce the harmful gases in the atmosphere. Governments should educate people about cleaner modes of transportation and conduct programs to encourage its use. Fortunately, many state governments have started programs to create awareness about climate change. These governments also encourage the use of electric vehicles to reduce the amount of harmful gases that go into the atmosphere. One such example is Delaware. In that state, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control started the Delaware Clean Transportation Incentive Program in 2015. This program was started to encourage people in Delaware to buy electric cars. People from Delaware who buy an electric car can apply for the program and get some of their money back.

Passage 2

Electric Cars by Marita Thompson

Electric cars are perfect for today's world. Though they may not be as fast as cars that run on gasoline and may not be practical for people who travel long distances, they are safe and comfortable, and do not release harmful gases into the air. Unfortunately, many people are hesitant to buy an electric car because they think that these cars are expensive and difficult to maintain. However, though these cars may be expensive, over time, they actually work out to be cheaper than those that run on gasoline. More people will buy electric cars, electric bikes, and electric scooters in the coming years. The latest models of electric cars offer a smooth ride, look good, and perform well. Rachel Ellis, the secretary of the American Car Owners Association, says that she is very happy after switching to an electric car. She does not have to go to a gas station, and making the change has actually helped her save money. She applied for a government program and received some of her money back. Over the last few years, she has spent less money on her car than in previous years because she saved on fuel and the cost of maintenance.

How do the two authors differ in their presentation about the benefits of buying electric cars?

• • The first author focuses on how cars that run on gasoline release harmful gases into the air while the second author focuses on the features of electric cars.

• • The first author cites a government program that encourages the use of electric cars and offers a partial refund on money spent on electric vehicles. The second author describes the experience of an electric car owner who is happier after switching to an electric car.

• • The second author quotes statistics to support the idea that electric cars are beneficial while the first author quotes experts who say the same thing.

• • The second author believes that everyone should be concerned about climate change, and therefore she encourages people to stop using cars. The first author states that governments are concerned about climate change and are discouraging the use of cars that run on gasoline.

Tags

CCSS.RI.5.7

CCSS.RI.6.7

CCSS.RL.5.7

CCSS.RL.6.9

CCSS.RL.7.7

Passage 1 

Clean Transportation by Carlos Sanchez 

 Climate change is a big concern in today's world. There is a rise in average temperatures, along with a change in weather patterns in many parts of the world. An increase in harmful gases in the atmosphere is one reason for this. Getting people to use clean transportation can help reduce the harmful gases in the atmosphere. Governments should educate people about cleaner modes of transportation and conduct programs to encourage its use. Fortunately, many state governments have started programs to create awareness about climate change. These governments also encourage the use of electric vehicles to reduce the amount of harmful gases that go into the atmosphere. One such example is Delaware. In that state, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control started the Delaware Clean Transportation Incentive Program in 2015. This program was started to encourage people in Delaware to buy electric cars. People from Delaware who buy an electric car can apply for the program and get some of their money back.

Passage 2

Electric Cars by Marita Thompson

Electric cars are perfect for today's world. Though they may not be as fast as cars that run on gasoline and may not be practical for people who travel long distances, they are safe and comfortable, and do not release harmful gases into the air. Unfortunately, many people are hesitant to buy an electric car because they think that these cars are expensive and difficult to maintain. However, though these cars may be expensive, over time, they actually work out to be cheaper than those that run on gasoline. More people will buy electric cars, electric bikes, and electric scooters in the coming years. The latest models of electric cars offer a smooth ride, look good, and perform well. Rachel Ellis, the secretary of the American Car Owners Association, says that she is very happy after switching to an electric car. She does not have to go to a gas station, and making the change has actually helped her save money. She applied for a government program and received some of her money back. Over the last few years, she has spent less money on her car than in previous years because she saved on fuel and the cost of maintenance.

Which statement from Passage 1 supports author Carlos Sanchez's statement that state governments are doing their best to promote clean transportation?

• • Governments should educate people about cleaner modes of transport and conduct programs to encourage its use.

• • An increase in harmful gases in the atmosphere is one reason for this.

• • This program was started to encourage people in the state to buy electric cars.

Tags

CCSS.RI.5.7

CCSS.RI.6.7

CCSS.RL.5.7

CCSS.RL.6.9

CCSS.RI.7.7

Passage 1

Climate change is a big concern in today's world. There is a rise in average temperatures, along with a change in weather patterns in many parts of the world. An increase in harmful gases in the atmosphere is one reason for this. Getting people to use clean transportation can help reduce the harmful gases in the atmosphere. Governments should educate people about cleaner modes of transportation and conduct programs to encourage its use. Fortunately, many state governments have started programs to create awareness about climate change. These governments also encourage the use of electric vehicles to reduce the amount of harmful gases that go into the atmosphere. One such example is Delaware. In that state, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control started the Delaware Clean Transportation Incentive Program in 2015. This program was started to encourage people in Delaware to buy electric cars. People from Delaware who buy an electric car can apply for the program and get some of their money back.

Passage 2

Electric Cars by Marita Thompson

Electric cars are perfect for today's world. Though they may not be as fast as cars that run on gasoline and may not be practical for people who travel long distances, they are safe and comfortable, and do not release harmful gases into the air. Unfortunately, many people are hesitant to buy an electric car because they think that these cars are expensive and difficult to maintain. However, though these cars may be expensive, over time, they actually work out to be cheaper than those that run on gasoline. More people will buy electric cars, electric bikes, and electric scooters in the coming years. The latest models of electric cars offer a smooth ride, look good, and perform well. Rachel Ellis, the secretary of the American Car Owners Association, says that she is very happy after switching to an electric car. She does not have to go to a gas station, and making the change has actually helped her save money. She applied for a government program and received some of her money back. Over the last few years, she has spent less money on her car than in previous years because she saved on fuel and the cost of maintenance.

Which statement from Passage 2 supports author Marita Thompson's idea that electric cars work out to be cheaper over time than those that run on gasoline?

• • More people will buy electric cars, electric bikes, and electric scooters in the coming years.

• • Over the last few years, she has spent less money on her car than in previous years because she saved on fuel and maintenance costs.

• • Though they may not be as fast as cars that run on gasoline and may not be practical for people who travel long distances, they are safe and comfortable, and do not release harmful fumes into the air.

• • The latest models of electric cars offer a smooth ride, look good, and perform well.

Tags

CCSS.RI.5.7

CCSS.RI.6.7

CCSS.RL.5.7

CCSS.RL.6.9

CCSS.RI.7.7

Fog and smog may look similar in the sky, but they are not the same thing. Smog is a type of air pollution. It forms when nitrogen oxide, a gas released by cars and coal power plants, combines with sunlight. On the other hand, fog is a type of low-lying cloud that forms when moist air cools and turns into tiny water droplets. Thus, fog occurs naturally, as opposed to smog, which is created by human actions. Fog itself isn't generally harmful, though it can cause dangerous driving conditions by limiting visibility. Smog, however, can be dangerous; it can hurt the eyes, make breathing difficult, and cause other health problems.

What are/ is a trait(s) of only FOG?

• Forms moist air.

• Made by humans.

• Harmful.

• Type of air pollution.

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.3

CCSS.RL.4.3

CCSS.RL.5.3

CCSS.RL.6.3

CCSS.RL.7.3

Fog and smog may look similar in the sky, but they are not the same thing. Smog is a type of air pollution. It forms when nitrogen oxide, a gas released by cars and coal power plants, combines with sunlight. On the other hand, fog is a type of low-lying cloud that forms when moist air cools and turns into tiny water droplets. Thus, fog occurs naturally, as opposed to smog, which is created by human actions. Fog itself isn't generally harmful, though it can cause dangerous driving conditions by limiting visibility. Smog, however, can be dangerous; it can hurt the eyes, make breathing difficult, and cause other health problems.

What are/ is a trait(s) of only SMOG?

• Forms moist air.

• Made by humans.

• Harmful.

• Type of air pollution.

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.3

CCSS.RL.4.3

CCSS.RL.5.3

CCSS.RL.6.3

CCSS.RL.7.3

Plants have lived for hundreds of years on the prairie. In different seasons, the plants look very different. You can see bright flowers and tall grasses at different times of year. In spring, you see shooting stars and violets. The spring grasses begin to grow. The prairie is very wet in the spring because the snow from the winter melts and leaves big ponds.

In summer, the grasses are so tall that you cannot even see flowers that grow low and close to the ground. There are tall flowers too. You can see a flower that is called the tall black-eyed Susan. Summer was the prairie’s biggest season. In summer, there was so much tall grass that people called it a sea of grass. It sometimes even grew as tall as the people did. When pioneers were in the prairie, sometimes they got lost. They would use a very tall plant called the compass plant to find their way. The compass plant’s leaves turned during the day to follow the sunlight. Thousands of animals also lived in this grassy area, including bison that ate the plants.

In autumn, more flowers bloom—the asters make the prairie look brighter. The leaves of many prairie plants turn gold in autumn and the grasses start to dry. In autumn, when the grasses are dry, natural fires take place. Those fires start when there is a lightning strike. Acres and acres of prairie can burn in one natural fire.

When the grasses burn, the native prairie plants do not die. In fact, the fires actually help the grasses to grow bigger. Most plants, especially trees, depend on their tips to grow. You can see that in the spring trees have new buds. Those buds are where the trees grow from. If a tree loses its branches, it will not grow anymore. Grasses are not like trees and they do not need their leaves to grow back. They grow from their roots. The fires do not burn the roots because the roots are underground. The lightning fires are a little bit like gardeners. They weed the prairie of plants that are not supposed to grow there.

Some prairie animals move in the winter to warmer places where they can find more food. Some stay in the prairie through winter. Some stay but they hibernate, or sleep, through the winter. For example, some frogs dig holes under the ground and sleep through the cold prairie winter. Thousands of bison and hundreds of birds and other animals that used to live in this area are gone now. They left the prairie because the places where they lived were destroyed. There is hope for the prairie to grow again. Maybe those animals will be able to live in this area again. People are restoring the prairie at Midewin National Tallgrass prairie. One day this area will look as it did when the bison lived here and the Potawatomi hunted here.

How is autumn on the prairie different from spring?

• • Autumn is dry; spring is wet.

• • More plants grow in the autumn than the spring.

• • Pioneers would get lost in autumn.

• • More animals live there in the spring.

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.3

CCSS.RL.4.3

CCSS.RL.5.3

CCSS.RL.6.3

CCSS.RL.7.3

Plants have lived for hundreds of years on the prairie. In different seasons, the plants look very different. You can see bright flowers and tall grasses at different times of year. In spring, you see shooting stars and violets. The spring grasses begin to grow. The prairie is very wet in the spring because the snow from the winter melts and leaves big ponds.

In summer, the grasses are so tall that you cannot even see flowers that grow low and close to the ground. There are tall flowers too. You can see a flower that is called the tall black-eyed Susan. Summer was the prairie’s biggest season. In summer, there was so much tall grass that people called it a sea of grass. It sometimes even grew as tall as the people did. When pioneers were in the prairie, sometimes they got lost. They would use a very tall plant called the compass plant to find their way. The compass plant’s leaves turned during the day to follow the sunlight. Thousands of animals also lived in this grassy area, including bison that ate the plants.

In autumn, more flowers bloom—the asters make the prairie look brighter. The leaves of many prairie plants turn gold in autumn and the grasses start to dry. In autumn, when the grasses are dry, natural fires take place. Those fires start when there is a lightning strike. Acres and acres of prairie can burn in one natural fire.

When the grasses burn, the native prairie plants do not die. In fact, the fires actually help the grasses to grow bigger. Most plants, especially trees, depend on their tips to grow. You can see that in the spring trees have new buds. Those buds are where the trees grow from. If a tree loses its branches, it will not grow anymore. Grasses are not like trees and they do not need their leaves to grow back. They grow from their roots. The fires do not burn the roots because the roots are underground. The lightning fires are a little bit like gardeners. They weed the prairie of plants that are not supposed to grow there.

Some prairie animals move in the winter to warmer places where they can find more food. Some stay in the prairie through winter. Some stay but they hibernate, or sleep, through the winter. For example, some frogs dig holes under the ground and sleep through the cold prairie winter. Thousands of bison and hundreds of birds and other animals that used to live in this area are gone now. They left the prairie because the places where they lived were destroyed. There is hope for the prairie to grow again. Maybe those animals will be able to live in this area again. People are restoring the prairie at Midewin National Tallgrass prairie. One day this area will look as it did when the bison lived here and the Potawatomi hunted here.

How is a prairie fire like a gardener?

• • 
    A

    The fire cuts things down.

• • B

    The fire helps prairie plants grow.

• • C

    The fire burns trees.

• • D

    The fire burns animals’ homes.

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

Plants have lived for hundreds of years on the prairie. In different seasons, the plants look very different. You can see bright flowers and tall grasses at different times of year. In spring, you see shooting stars and violets. The spring grasses begin to grow. The prairie is very wet in the spring because the snow from the winter melts and leaves big ponds.

In summer, the grasses are so tall that you cannot even see flowers that grow low and close to the ground. There are tall flowers too. You can see a flower that is called the tall black-eyed Susan. Summer was the prairie’s biggest season. In summer, there was so much tall grass that people called it a sea of grass. It sometimes even grew as tall as the people did. When pioneers were in the prairie, sometimes they got lost. They would use a very tall plant called the compass plant to find their way. The compass plant’s leaves turned during the day to follow the sunlight. Thousands of animals also lived in this grassy area, including bison that ate the plants.

In autumn, more flowers bloom—the asters make the prairie look brighter. The leaves of many prairie plants turn gold in autumn and the grasses start to dry. In autumn, when the grasses are dry, natural fires take place. Those fires start when there is a lightning strike. Acres and acres of prairie can burn in one natural fire.

When the grasses burn, the native prairie plants do not die. In fact, the fires actually help the grasses to grow bigger. Most plants, especially trees, depend on their tips to grow. You can see that in the spring trees have new buds. Those buds are where the trees grow from. If a tree loses its branches, it will not grow anymore. Grasses are not like trees and they do not need their leaves to grow back. They grow from their roots. The fires do not burn the roots because the roots are underground. The lightning fires are a little bit like gardeners. They weed the prairie of plants that are not supposed to grow there.

Some prairie animals move in the winter to warmer places where they can find more food. Some stay in the prairie through winter. Some stay but they hibernate, or sleep, through the winter. For example, some frogs dig holes under the ground and sleep through the cold prairie winter. Thousands of bison and hundreds of birds and other animals that used to live in this area are gone now. They left the prairie because the places where they lived were destroyed. There is hope for the prairie to grow again. Maybe those animals will be able to live in this area again. People are restoring the prairie at Midewin National Tallgrass prairie. One day this area will look as it did when the bison lived here and the Potawatomi hunted here.

How is the compass plant like a map?

• • 
    
    A

    People use them when they visit the prairie.

• • B

    The plant grows in the north.

• • C

     They both show directions.

• • D

     People use them in daylight

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.3

CCSS.RL.4.3

CCSS.RL.5.3

CCSS.RL.6.3

CCSS.RL.7.3

Plants have lived for hundreds of years on the prairie. In different seasons, the plants look very different. You can see bright flowers and tall grasses at different times of year. In spring, you see shooting stars and violets. The spring grasses begin to grow. The prairie is very wet in the spring because the snow from the winter melts and leaves big ponds.

In summer, the grasses are so tall that you cannot even see flowers that grow low and close to the ground. There are tall flowers too. You can see a flower that is called the tall black-eyed Susan. Summer was the prairie’s biggest season. In summer, there was so much tall grass that people called it a sea of grass. It sometimes even grew as tall as the people did. When pioneers were in the prairie, sometimes they got lost. They would use a very tall plant called the compass plant to find their way. The compass plant’s leaves turned during the day to follow the sunlight. Thousands of animals also lived in this grassy area, including bison that ate the plants.

In autumn, more flowers bloom—the asters make the prairie look brighter. The leaves of many prairie plants turn gold in autumn and the grasses start to dry. In autumn, when the grasses are dry, natural fires take place. Those fires start when there is a lightning strike. Acres and acres of prairie can burn in one natural fire.

When the grasses burn, the native prairie plants do not die. In fact, the fires actually help the grasses to grow bigger. Most plants, especially trees, depend on their tips to grow. You can see that in the spring trees have new buds. Those buds are where the trees grow from. If a tree loses its branches, it will not grow anymore. Grasses are not like trees and they do not need their leaves to grow back. They grow from their roots. The fires do not burn the roots because the roots are underground. The lightning fires are a little bit like gardeners. They weed the prairie of plants that are not supposed to grow there.

Some prairie animals move in the winter to warmer places where they can find more food. Some stay in the prairie through winter. Some stay but they hibernate, or sleep, through the winter. For example, some frogs dig holes under the ground and sleep through the cold prairie winter. Thousands of bison and hundreds of birds and other animals that used to live in this area are gone now. They left the prairie because the places where they lived were destroyed. There is hope for the prairie to grow again. Maybe those animals will be able to live in this area again. People are restoring the prairie at Midewin National Tallgrass prairie. One day this area will look as it did when the bison lived here and the Potawatomi hunted here.

 How is the prairie today different from the prairie of the past?

• • 
    A

    It is the same.

• • B

    It is like a rainforest.

• • C

    The prairie has many different plants.

• • D

    Many plants and animals are gone.

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader. - John Quincy Adams

The key to successful leadership today is influence, not authority. - Kenneth Blanchard

A look at both the above statements tells us that they are talking about ______________.

• friendship

• leadership

• actions

• dreams

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.3

CCSS.RL.2.6