DELTA - Terminology - Errors

• A field of applied linguistics

• Collects/assesses Ls errors

• Helps find out what/why errors are made and how to minimize their future occurrence

• Error analysis
• Syntax evaluation
• Pronunciation assessment
• Grammar analysis

The process through which an error has become a permanent feature of a learner’s language use and is believed to be resistant to correction.

• petrification
• frozenization
• stagnation
• fossilization

An error which interferes with the intelligibility of an utterance

• language error
• communication error
• vocal error
• global error

An erroneous form produced by Ls when tired/not concentrating fully. Ls know the rule but fail to apply it.

• trip of the hand
• stumble of the mind
• fall of the foot
• slip of the tongue

An error which occurs explicitly after Ls have been exposed to the rule.

• Outcome error
• post-systematic error

• Result error
• Effect error

An error which occurs prior to Ls having been taught the language item in question.

e.g. I go home yesterday (before PaS)

• Pre-systematic error
• Inter-systematic error
• Intra-systematic error
• Post-systematic error

A recasting of an L’s sentence by the teacher because it contained one or more errors in either form or pronunciation.

e.g. L: I go home yesterday.

       T: I went home yesterday.

       L: I went home yesterday.

• reformulation

• I go home yesterday.
• I went home yesterday.
• I went home tomorrow.