1. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS of the Curriculum

How can educators integrate the principles of Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Reconstructionism to create a holistic and adaptable educational experience that fosters critical thinking, intellectual growth, democratic values, and societal improvement, while also meeting the diverse needs and challenges of learners in the 21st century?

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Reconstructionism aims to improve and reconstruct which aspect of society?

• • Economic systems

• • Political structures

• • Social norms

• • Educational systems

Which educational philosophy emphasizes a curriculum that is enduring and focused on classical subjects?

• • Perennialism

• • Essentialism

• • Progressivism

• • Reconstructionism

Progressivism focuses on promoting which type of educational approach?

• • Teacher-centered

• • Subject-centered

• • Learner-centered

• • Community-centered

According to Essentialism, who are considered the sole authorities in the subject area?

• • Parents

• • Students

• • Teachers

• • Administrators

Which educational philosophy advocates for equal opportunities for all learners?

• • Perennialism

• • Essentialism

• • Progressivism

• • Reconstructionism