Biodiversity 300 Exam 1

In phylogenetic analysis, an outgroup is used to determine if characters observed in the ingroup members are amorphic or plesiomorphic

• True

• False

Evidence from cell and molecular biology indicates that all living organisms are ultimately derived from a single common ancestor

• True

• False

In phylogenetic reconstructions, sister groups are by definition:

• Identical

• Paraphyletic

• The more derived groups in the tree

• Taxa that diverge from a common ancestor at the same time

• Homologous

Not all characters are used in phylogenetic analysis. Which of the following characters are always used?

• Monophyletic ones

• Homoplasious one

• Synapomorphies

• Autapomorphies

• Symplesiomorphies

No evidence for multicellular life exists in the fossil record prior to 1.85 billion years ago

• True

• False

Fossil Evidence indicates that the earliest multicellular organisms were

• Animals

• Plants

• Prokaryotes

• Anaerobes

The "Oxygen Revolution" began:

• 3.5 billion years ago

• when Archaea first evolved

• when plants first evolved

• when cyanobacteria first evolved

• around 580 million years ago

All amino acids found in living cells and meteorites are L-isomer (left-handed) molecules

• True

• False

The earliest cellular life on Earth was unicellular and prokaryotic

• True

• False

Chemoheterotrophic organisms are entirely prokaryotic

• True

• False