Quiz about Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Review

Question 1

What are the five causes of mechanical weathering?

Accepted Answer

Water, waves, wind, gravity, glaciers

Answer

Sun, rain, wind, plants, animals

Answer

Chemical reactions, acid rain, pollution, mining, deforestation

Answer

Temperature changes, salt, carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor

Question 2

What is the process called when water gets into the cracks of rocks, freezes, and breaks the rock apart?

Accepted Answer

Frost (Ice) Wedging

Answer

Thermal expansion

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Exfoliation

Question 3

What is another term for the mechanical weathering caused by sediment in wind, water, and glaciers hitting larger pieces of rock?

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Compaction

Question 4

What is the term used to describe the mechanical weathering that is caused by plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

Root pry or root action

Answer

Biological breakdown

Answer

Organic disintegration

Answer

Faunal fracturing

Question 5

What happens when a rock like granite rock being when it is all the sudden under less pressure due to uplift or erosion?

Accepted Answer

The rock expands

Answer

The rock melts

Answer

The rock hardens

Answer

The rock sinks

Question 6

Rocks that were once under great pressure inside the Earth will expand and then weather in layers, what do we call this type of weathering?

Accepted Answer

Exfoliation

Answer

Expansion

Answer

Eros

Answer

Embryo

Question 7

What is created when CO2 is dissolved in water, such as rain falling through clouds or water picking it up from the soil?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Sulfuric acid

Answer

Nitric acid

Question 8

What happens to iron-rich minerals during the process of oxidation?

Accepted Answer

They become oxidized

Answer

They become denser

Answer

They dissolve completely

Answer

They turn into carbonates

Question 9

Which of the following minerals is NOT commonly oxidized because it is not a ferromagnesian mineral with iron?

Accepted Answer

Quartz

Answer

Olivine

Answer

Pyroxene

Answer

Biotite

Question 10

What happens to water or air when they completely stop moving or flowing?

Accepted Answer

They drop whatever they were carrying.

Answer

They can move heavier sediment.

Answer

They can move big and small particles.

Answer

They increase in velocity.

Question 11

What are glacial deposits called?

Accepted Answer

Glacial till

Answer

Glacial silt

Answer

Glacial sand

Answer

Glacial gravel

Question 12

To figure out the depositional environment, what do we look at?

Accepted Answer

The size of the grains and how well sorted they are

Answer

The color of the sediment

Answer

The depth of the sediment layer

Answer

The age of the sediment

Question 13

Why is Mars known as "The Red Planet"?

Accepted Answer

Because of the minerals with iron like magnetite and pyrite

Answer

Because of its red soil and rocks

Answer

Because of its red atmosphere

Answer

Because of the presence of water

Question 14

As a glacier travels down a mountain, what happens to the material it carries?

Accepted Answer

It is deposited at the base of the mountain.

Answer

It disappears into the atmosphere.

Answer

It is carried back up the mountain by wind.

Answer

It is melted and turned into water vapor.

Question 15

What is created when streams are forced to drop their sediment in an area where there is no ocean or lake?

Accepted Answer

An alluvial fan

Answer

A delta

Answer

A sand dune

Answer

A glacier

Question 16

In dry environments, what moves sand and creates sand dunes?

Accepted Answer

Wind

Answer

Glaciers

Answer

Rivers

Answer

Earthquakes

Question 17

What happens to sand in environments where there is very little vegetation to protect the ground?

Accepted Answer

It is blown all over the place.

Answer

It forms into solid rock.

Answer

It is washed away by rain.

Answer

It sinks into the ground.

Question 18

Where does the sand end up in dry environments with little vegetation?

Accepted Answer

In large sand dunes

Answer

In the ocean

Answer

In underground caves

Answer

In mountain crevices

Question 19

What happens to the speed of a stream when it meets a lake or ocean to form a delta?

Accepted Answer

It slows down

Answer

It speeds up

Answer

It remains the same

Answer

It stops completely

Question 20

What is formed when a stream stops at a lake or ocean?

Accepted Answer

A delta

Answer

A mountain

Answer

A valley

Answer

An estuary

Question 21

Why are there many deltas associated with the Mississippi River?

Accepted Answer

Because it carries a lot of sediment so it meanders

Answer

Because it is a short river

Answer

Because it carries little sediment

Answer

Because it has a slow current so it meanders

Question 22

To be the best river it can be, what do all rivers try to find?

Accepted Answer

The path of least resistance

Answer

The highest elevation

Answer

The deepest ocean

Answer

The largest lake

Question 23

How does a huge delta effect how fast a river/stream flows?

Accepted Answer

It slows down the rivers flow

Answer

It speeds up the rivers flow

Answer

It has no effect on the rivers flow

Answer

It changes the direction of the rivers flow

Question 24

What is another term for physical weathering?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Chemical decomposition

Answer

Biological erosion

Answer

Sedimentary breakdown

Question 25

Which of the following are considered sediments? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Boulders

Accepted Answer

Shells

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Answer

Roots

Question 26

What is the size of sand grains?

Accepted Answer

Between 1/256 mm and 1/16 mm

Answer

More than 256 mm

Answer

Between 64 mm and 256 mm

Answer

Less than 1/256 mm

Question 27

Match the term "Frost Wedging" to its correct definition.

Accepted Answer

When water gets trapped between rocks, freezes, expands, and then breaks apart joints in rocks.

Answer

When tree roots apply pressure to a rock and push apart joints.

Answer

Earthworms, gophers, bunnies, and humans can move small and large rock fragments.

Answer

Sometimes forest fires can cook a rock and cause the outer layers of the rock to expand and break off.

Question 28

Dissolution happens when water flows through rocks and dissolves minerals. What minerals are easily dissolved by water?

Accepted Answer

Carbonates and salts

Answer

Silicates and feldspar

Answer

Biotite and pyrite

Answer

Clay

Question 29

Hydrolysis water reacts chemically with minerals and breaks them down to make other minerals. What minerals does this process mainly affect?

Accepted Answer

Carbonates and salts

Answer

Silicates and feldspar

Answer

Biotite and pyrite

Answer

Clay

Question 30

What happens during hydration that affects rocks?

Accepted Answer

Water is absorbed into the crystal structure, causing minerals to swell and weaken the rock.

Answer

Water evaporates from the crystal structure, causing the rock to become more brittle.

Answer

Water freezes in the crystal structure, leading to expansion and cracking of the rock.

Answer

Water chemically reacts with minerals, leading to the formation of new minerals.

Question 31

Sometimes in large outcrops different rocks will weather at different rates, what do we call this?

Accepted Answer

Differential weathering

Answer

Accumulation weathering

Answer

Talus weathering

Answer

Microbial weathering

Question 32

Granite is primarily composed of which mineral that makes it more resistant to weathering?

Accepted Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Feldspar

Answer

Biotite

Question 33

Marble is primarily made of calcite. How does this affect its weathering compared to granite?

Accepted Answer

It is easier to weather and easily dissolved.

Answer

It is harder to weather and easily dissolved.

Answer

It is easier to weather and very strong.

Answer

It is harder to weather and very strong.

Question 34

What is the process called that breaks down rock at Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Question 35

Which type of weathering occurs when rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces without changing the composition of the rock?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical Weathering

Answer

Chemical Weathering

Answer

Biological Weathering

Answer

Thermal Weathering

Question 36

What is the term used to describe the wearing away of surfaces by materials that are carried by wind, water, or ice?

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Dissolution

Question 37

What is created when carbon dioxide mixes with rainwater and reacts with rocks such as marble and limestone?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic Acid

Answer

Acid Rain

Answer

Sulfuric Acid

Answer

Nitric Acid

Question 38

Which of the following is a result of chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

Rocks become something different through chemical changes.

Answer

Rocks are broken into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

Answer

Rocks are physically broken down by animals.

Answer

Rocks are eroded by wind without any chemical reaction.

Question 39

What happens to rocks when they oxidize?

Accepted Answer

They become weaker and easier to break apart.

Answer

They become stronger and harder to break apart.

Answer

They change color but remain the same strength.

Answer

They become impermeable to water.

Question 40

Which type of weathering involves the oxidation of minerals in rocks?

Accepted Answer

Chemical Weathering

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Freezing & Thawing

Answer

Animal Actions

Question 41

What is weathering?

Accepted Answer

The chemical, physical, and biological process of breaking rocks and minerals down into smaller pieces

Answer

The process by which rocks are transported by natural forces

Answer

The movement of soil and rock due to water flow

Answer

The study of weather patterns and their effects on the Earth's surface

Question 42

Which type of weathering occurs when rocks break apart without any change to their chemical structure?

Accepted Answer

Physical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 43

What is an example of chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of rock by chemical changes to the minerals it contains

Answer

Tree roots lifting pavements

Answer

Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rocks

Answer

The transport of rock particles by wind

Question 44

What is frost wedging?

Accepted Answer

The expansion of water when it freezes in the cracks of rocks

Answer

The process of rocks being eroded by ice

Answer

The biological process of weathering by living organisms

Answer

The chemical reaction between water and minerals in rocks

Question 45

How can biological weathering occur?

Accepted Answer

Through weathering processes carried out by living organisms

Answer

Through the transport of sediment by rivers

Answer

By the physical stress of high winds on rocks

Answer

By the acid rain dissolving rock minerals

Question 46

What is erosion?

Accepted Answer

The loosening, removal, and transport of weathered materials

Answer

The process of depositing material in a new location

Answer

The solidification of molten rock into solid rock

Answer

The process of water freezing and expanding in cracks

Question 47

Which of the following is a major contributor to erosion?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Wind

Answer

Glaciers

Answer

Plants

Question 48

How do glaciers contribute to erosion?

Accepted Answer

By moving boulders and scouring out U-shaped valleys

Answer

By freezing and expanding in cracks

Answer

By depositing sediment in river deltas

Answer

By sheltering rock from wind and water

Question 49

What role does wind play in erosion in deserts?

Accepted Answer

It picks up and transports sediment across continents

Answer

It deposits large amounts of sediment in one place

Answer

It has no significant role in desert erosion

Answer

It freezes and expands to break rocks apart

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