PMA 6 Sun's Influence on Global Patterns and Weather

Which part of the diagram shows the convection that occurs within the Earth's system?

 

• A shows convection

• B shows convection

• C shows convection

• D shows convection

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

In 1922, a British mathematician named Lewis Fry Richardson designed a weather prediction method based on mathematical equations. Unfortunately, his method would have required 64,000 people working on separate equations for many hours to produce a single forecast. Current computer models can update a forecast in the time it takes to enter new data.

How does this example demonstrate why technology is an important part of science?

• It reduces the need for mathematics in science.

•   It reduces the need for people to become scientists.

• It can improve the speed at which information is processed.

• It reduces the number of calculations scientists must do to predict the weather.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Noah learned in science class that there are different ways to obtain scientific knowledge. Noah wants to investigate the percentage of hurricanes that make landfall in the United States. He also wants to know their names, when they made landfall, and the damage they caused. 

What type of scientific research should Noah conduct? 

• Watch the live report on the Weather Channel of a hurricane making landfall.   

• Obtain and analyze historical data from the National Weather Service website. 

• Conduct a controlled experiment on the variables that affect the strengthening of hurricanes. 

• Interview a local meteorologist about the hurricanes that have made landfall in the United States.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Mrs. Adsit's class has created a list of different ways heat transfer occurs in Earth's systems as shown below.

Which is an example of heat transfer through conduction?

• Example A  

• Example B 

• Example C 

• Example D 

The water cycle describes how water moves through Earth's systems. A simple model of the water cycle is shown in the diagram.

What process would be the best label for arrow 2 in the diagram? 

• Condensation  

• Evaporation 

• Precipitation  

• Transpiration 

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The diagram is a model of the water cycle.

Which of the following statements about the water cycle is correct?  

• Water vapor cools in the atmosphere and evaporates to form clouds at point C.   

• Water vapor is heated in the atmosphere and condenses to form clouds at point A. 

• The sun's thermal energy causes water to condense from the hydrosphere to the atmosphere at point A. 

• Water vapor cools and condenses in the atmosphere to form precipitation at point B that returns to the geosphere and hydrosphere at point C. 

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The jet stream is a global pattern of atmospheric movement that influences the weather. Generally, clear skies are expected with high pressure and cloudy skies with low pressure. The jet stream is represented by the arrows on the weather map.

Which city is currently experiencing clear skies but will soon see cloudy skies?

• Atlanta

• Cleveland

• Los Angeles

• Omaha

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

The jet stream is a global pattern of atmospheric movement that influences local weather patterns. Rain and even severe storms are often associated with the passage of a cold front. Based on this information, and the information provided in the weather map, which city shown will likely experience precipitation in the coming days?

• Albany

• Bismarck

• Nashville

• San Diego

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Mrs. Florio tells the students to make sure to bring their jackets to school tomorrow. She knows that a cold air front will arrive soon due to the change in the low-pressure system caused by jet streams. Which of the following options best explains how jet streams influence local weather patterns?

• They cause movements of ocean water in a continuous flow.

• Their path fluctuates north or south depending on the location of warm and cold air masses.

• They can blow from north to south and form along the borders of warm, hot, and cold air masses.

• They create a force (known as the pressure gradient force) that causes air to move in various ways.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Enrico saw the weather forecast for next week on television. He noticed that the locations of the predicted thunderstorms are often along the path of the jet stream. How could Enrico best explain this observation?

•   The jet stream generally flows along the boundary between cold and warm air masses that interact.

• The jet stream is a fast-moving air current formed by the large amount of energy from thunderstorms.

• The storms Enrico is observing come from within the jet stream where cold and warm air mix.

• The jet stream carries moist air that cools and forms thunderstorms beneath it as it travels from north to south around the world.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5