Week 5 - Abstract / Introduction

What is an abstract?

• An impressionable piece of art

• A detailed analysis of experimental procedures

• A concise summary of a research summary

• A comprehensive review of background literature

What three questions must an abstract answer?

• When was the study conducted?
  What new techniques did the researcher use?
  Why is this study the best study?

• What did the study investigate?
  How many people were involved in the study?
  Why does it matter?

• How was the study conducted?
  Where was the study conducted?
  Why was the study conducted?

• How was the study conducted?
  What are the results?
  Why does it matter?

How many words should an abstract be?

• 100-200

• 200-300

• 300-400

• 400-500

What should abstracts NOT include?

• results and conclusions

• abbreviations and acronyms

• 1-2 sentences per section

• must fit one page

What are some issues in the following excerpt?
"Phonotactics, despite being a core component in the field of Linguistics, remains relatively unexplored as compared to semantics and syntax in natural language processing. Traditional G2P (Grapheme to Phoneme) models are constructed by linguist defined phonotactics, which in turn provides little unprecedented insights to the field. Meanwhile, deep learning requires real world natural language examples and no set of defined rules, allowing undefined rule learning, which is more representative modeling of human knowledge acquisition and could in term provide new discoveries to the field of phonotactics."

• grammatical and stylistic issues

• the use of an acronym

• does not include an introduction

• does not include a purpose

What are some issues in the following excerpt?

"By fine-tuning pretrained transformer language models on G2P tasks, we achieved considerably good results in just a few training epochs. Other approaches of model architectures and data augmentation are presented and explored."

• use of an acroynym

• lack of specificity

• first-person anecdotes

• (lack of) organization

What are the three key pieces of information an introduction must provide?

• Introduce the problem the study will address

• 
  Explain why the problem is significant

• Discuss the techniques that were used in the research

• Provide a literature review of relevant articles

• Explain how the study applies to the larger field of research

How should an introduction be structured?

• Big Problem, Study's Focus, Hypothesis

• Big Problem, Hypothesis, Study's Focus

• Hypothesis, Study's Focus, Big Problem

• 
  Study's Focus, Hypothesis, Big Problem

Referring back to the R2 article, what is TRUE about the introduction?

• does not follow the big problem, study's focus, and hypothesis funnel

• too long

• 1. does not present the problem their research will address, why this problem is significant, or how it applies to the larger field of research

• correctly cited references

What is wrong with this excerpt?

"We show that our model acquired advanced phonotactic knowledge despite few training epochs. It seems to be the case that the larger the dataset, the more phonotactic patterns are acquired, similar to how human’s vocabulary correlates to their morphemic and phonotactic understanding of a language. (9). Mainly, this paper establishes a foundation for future research on the understanding of human phonetic knowledge through deep learning technology."

• address relevant findings from other researchers in the field

• use of first-person anecdotes

• addresses future implications of research

• does not belong in introduction