Features of Communicative Speaking Tasks

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Speakers are motivated by a communicative goal (such as getting information, making a request, giving instructions) and not simply by the need to display the correct use of language for its own sake.

• Purposeful

• Negotiated

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To achieve this purpose, speakers need to interact, and there is as much need to listen as to speak.

• Unpredictable

• Reciprocal

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Following from the above, they may need to check and repair the communication in order to be understood by each other.

• purposeful

• negotiated

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The exchange, especially if it is spoken, usually takes place in real time.

• synchronous

• reciprocal

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Neither the process, nor the outcome, nor the language used in the exchange, is entirely predictable.

• unpredictable

• heterogeneous

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Participants can use any communicative means at their disposal. In other words, they are not restricted to the use of a pre-specified grammar item.

• contingent

• heterogeneous

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The speakers' utterances are connected, both to one another, and to the context (physical, social, cultural, etc.) in which they are uttered

• contingent

• unpredictable

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The speakers have a personal commitment to the communication and are invested in making it work. How you achieve these worthy goals is, of course, another matter!

• reciprocal

• engaging