DNA Structure and Replication (Ch8.1-8.3)

What did scientists originally think was the genetic material before a series of experiments proved otherwise?

• RNA

• DNA

• Proteins

• Lipids

In Frederick Griffith's experiments, what happened when mice were injected with heat-killed S bacteria and live R bacteria?

• The mice lived

• The mice died

• The mice became immune to both types of bacteria

• The mice showed no reaction

What did Frederick Griffith discover in 1938 that was crucial to our understanding of genetic material?

• The "transforming principle"

• The "replicating factor"

• The "protein hypothesis"

• The "RNA world hypothesis"

Which type of bacteria did Frederick Griffith find to be lethal to mice in his experiments?

• Heat-killed S bacteria

• Live R bacteria

• Live S bacteria

• Heat-killed R bacteria

What was the conclusion from Griffith's experiment involving heat-killed S bacteria and live R bacteria?

• Heat-killed S bacteria could not transform R bacteria

• Live R bacteria could transform into S bacteria on their own

• Transforming material from heat-killed S bacteria turned R bacteria deadly

• R bacteria were naturally deadly to mice

Who identified DNA as the transforming principle in 1944?

• James Watson

• Francis Crick

• Oswald Avery

• Rosalind Franklin

What did Avery's qualitative tests on the transforming principle show?

• No DNA was present

• No RNA was present

• No protein was present

• No lipids were present

What was the result of Avery's enzyme tests on the transforming principle?

• Transformation occurred only when RNA was destroyed

• Transformation occurred only when protein was destroyed

• Transformation occurred only when DNA was destroyed

• Transformation occurred regardless of DNA destruction

Who conducted the experiment in 1952 that proved DNA is the genetic material, not protein?

• James Watson and Francis Crick

• Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

• Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

• Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan

What did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase use to prove that DNA is the genetic material?

• X-ray crystallography

• Radioactive isotopes

• Chemical mutagens

• Electrophoresis